英国海上保险保证制度改革及对我国的借鉴研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 13:17

本文选题：保证制度 + 因果关系　；参考：《大连海事大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：保证条款是保险合同的重要内容之一。一直以来,保证是保险人控制风险的重要手段。英国《1906年海上保险法》将保证确定为最大诚信原则下的一项具体的制度。然而,随着航海技术和信息技术的进步,保险人的承保风险显著降低,保证制度存在的弊端逐步显露,尤其是违反保证条款的严重后果被视为是过分严厉、僵化与过时。2015年2月12日,英国《2015年保险法》在议会获得通过。新保险法对保证的严厉性进行了软化,更倾向于保护被保险人的利益。相比之下,我国《海商法》第235条仅对被保险人违反保证的法律后果作了原则性规定。该法律规定过于简单,不能充分解决保险实务与司法实践中出现的问题和争议。同时,我国关于保证的规定更有利于保险人,与当前保护被保险人利益的立法趋势不符。为了平衡保险人和被保险人的利益,保障我国海上保险市场健康有序的发展,有必要借鉴英国关于保证制度的最新立法经验完善我国海上保险保证的相关规定。本文主要分为四个部分:第一部分分析了作为保险人控制风险重要手段的英国传统保证制度所面临的挑战,进而介绍了英国保险实务和司法实践中应对挑战的措施;第二部分详细介绍了英国2015年保险法对保证制度的最新规定,包括合同基础条款的废除、违反保证法律后果的改变、与实际损失无关条款的引入和新保险法的排除适用与透明性要求;同时,总结分析了英国保证制度改革对保险市场的影响以及英国保证制度改革的趋势·,第三部分主要介绍我国海上保险领域中保证的现状及保险实务中和司法实践中所面临的问题;第四部分阐述了通过对英国保险法保证制度及其最新条款的借鉴,完善我国海上保险中关于保证的规定,使之符合当前海上保险保证制度改革的发展趋势。
[Abstract]:Warranty clause is one of the important contents of insurance contract. All the time, guarantee is an important means for the insurer to control the risk. The British Marine Insurance Act 1906 defines warranty as a specific system under the principle of maximum good faith. However, with the progress of navigation technology and information technology, the underwriting risk of the insurer has been significantly reduced, and the shortcomings of the warranty system have been gradually revealed, especially the serious consequences of violating the warranty clause are regarded as excessively severe, Inflexibility and obsolescence. The British Insurance Act 2015 was passed by Parliament on February 12, 2015. The new insurance law softens the severity of the guarantee and tends to protect the interests of the insured. In contrast, Article 235 of the Maritime Law of China only stipulates the legal consequences of breach of warranty by the insured in principle. The law is too simple to solve the problems and disputes in insurance practice and judicial practice. At the same time, the stipulation of guarantee in our country is more favorable to the insurer, which is inconsistent with the current legislative trend of protecting the interests of the insured. In order to balance the interests of the insurer and the insured and to ensure the healthy and orderly development of China's marine insurance market, it is necessary to perfect the relevant provisions of China's marine insurance guarantee by referring to the latest legislative experience of the British guarantee system. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part analyzes the challenges faced by the British traditional guarantee system, which is an important means for insurers to control risks, and then introduces the measures to deal with the challenges in British insurance practice and judicial practice; The second part introduces the latest regulation of the guarantee system in the UK Insurance Law of 2015, including the repeal of the contract basis clause, the change of the legal consequences of breach of warranty. The introduction of provisions unrelated to actual loss and the exclusion and transparency requirements of the new insurance law; at the same time, This paper summarizes and analyzes the impact of the reform of the British guarantee system on the insurance market and the trend of the reform of the British warranty system. The third part mainly introduces the current situation of the guarantee in the field of marine insurance in China and the problems faced in the practice of insurance and judicial practice. In the fourth part, by referring to the guarantee system of the British insurance law and its latest clauses, the author consummates the warranty provisions in our country's marine insurance, and makes it conform to the development trend of the current reform of the marine insurance guarantee system.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：DD912.28;D923.99;D956.1

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