海上倾废损害赔偿的责任限制问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 18:05

本文选题：海上倾废 + 损害赔偿　；参考：《大连海事大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在司法实践中海事赔偿责任限制引起的海事纠纷比比皆是,而经济迅猛发展的当下社会,关于海上倾废造成海洋污染损害引起相关索赔的案件也愈加增多。但我国《海商法》及有关司法解释并没有对海上倾废这种行为的性质作出明确界定,更无相关法律对此种行为引起的海事赔偿请求权是否可以适用海事赔偿责任限制以及如何适用责任限制加以规定。本文对该问题运用案例分析、对比分析等多种方法进行了研究,试图对解决由于海上倾废行为引起损害赔偿责任限制问题的案件处理提出有益的帮助。除引言和结论外,本文分为三部分。第一部分为海上倾废污染概述。首先是对“海上倾废”及“倾废污染”的界定,并与其他海洋污染行为进行区别,如船舶污染。其次是对防止海上倾废污染海洋的立法现状的梳理,介绍相关国际公约以及国内对海洋倾废管理的立法现状。最后从法律梳理的过程中说明研究海上倾废损害赔偿责任限制问题的必要性。第二部分为海上倾废污染损害赔偿责任限制之争。这部分以案例分析为主,即以司法实践中对海上倾废污染损害赔偿责任限制案例的处理方法为切入点,引出学界对此的不同观点和其观点的理论依据并进行评析；重点对海上倾废行为的性质,此行为引起的赔偿请求是否属于海商法调整范围的限制性债权等进行研究。第三部分讨论承认海上倾废污染损害赔偿请求属于限制性债权所面临的现实问题和完善建议。这些问题包括：丧失责任限制权利的条件,包括主观条件、实施行为主体条件、因果关系要件及损失的同一性要件；责任限额问题；如何确定事故的次数,即对在从事倾倒多船废物或者多次倾倒废物等行为的情况下,计算责任限额时,如何确定事故次数的问题。
[Abstract]:In judicial practice, maritime disputes caused by limitation of liability for maritime claims are everywhere, and in the current society with rapid economic development, there are more and more cases of claims for marine pollution damage caused by dumping at sea. However, the nature of dumping at sea has not been clearly defined in China's Maritime Law and related judicial interpretations. There is no relevant law on whether the maritime claims arising from such acts can be applied to the limitation of liability for maritime claims and how to apply the limitation of liability. This paper studies the problem by case analysis, comparative analysis and other methods, trying to solve the problem of liability limitation of damage caused by dumping at sea. In addition to the introduction and conclusions, this paper is divided into three parts. The first part is an overview of dumping pollution at sea. The first is the definition of "dumping at sea" and "dumping pollution", and distinguishes it from other marine pollution behaviors, such as marine pollution. Secondly, the current legislative status of marine dumping pollution is reviewed, and the relevant international conventions and domestic legislative status of marine dumping management are introduced. Finally, the necessity of studying the limitation of liability for dumping damages at sea is explained in the process of legal combing. The second part is the dispute about limitation of liability for pollution damage caused by dumping pollution at sea. This part is mainly case analysis, that is, the method of dealing with the case of limitation of liability for pollution damage caused by dumping pollution at sea in judicial practice is the breakthrough point, which leads to the different viewpoints of academic circles and the theoretical basis of their views and comments. This paper focuses on the nature of dumping at sea and whether the claims caused by this act belong to restrictive claims in the scope of maritime law adjustment and so on. The third part discusses the practical problems and suggestions of admitting that the claim for pollution damage from dumping at sea is a restrictive claim. These problems include: the condition of losing the right of limitation of liability, including the subjective condition, the condition of the subject of the act, the element of causality and the identity of the loss, the question of the limitation of liability, how to determine the number of accidents, That is, how to determine the number of accidents in the case of dumping multi-ship wastes or dumping wastes many times, when calculating the limit of liability.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.294

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