苏格兰法混合特征之形成与分析

发布时间：2018-06-05 03:52

本文选题：苏格兰 + 苏格兰法　；参考：《中国政法大学》2007年博士论文

【摘要】： 苏格兰法是一种兼有大陆法与英美法成分的混合法律体系,本文从法律体系入手研究此种混合特征的形成与表现。第一、二章分别对苏格兰的继受罗马法和受英国法改造的全过程作详细描述,前者指出留学潮的兴起和最高民事法院的建立是继受的保证,十八世纪时学术化苏格兰法已经成熟,继受完成,后者从影响途径、英国法主导地位的确立以及对各个领域的影响程度这三点解析英国法对苏格兰法的改造。第三、四、五章分别从法的结构、法律渊源和司法制度这三个法律体系的构成要素来分析混合特征。苏格兰对基本法律概念和法律原则的强调、“权利之法”的观念、大陆式部门法体系说明大陆法传统主导着法的结构,但受到英国法影响的干扰和削弱,最显著的是苏格兰法与英国法一样缺乏独立的商法。法律渊源以判例法和联合王国议会英国式的制定法为主,但大陆法否定判例效力和重视原则的传统削弱了先例原则,而且1707年前苏格兰议会的制定法仍然依照大陆模式,经典法律著述则是大陆法以学说为法律渊源之历史习惯的残余,此外习惯法和衡平也表现出英美法和大陆法的双重影响。司法制度主要包括法院、诉讼程序与法律家,一元化的法院组织和整体主义特征分别体现英美法和大陆法的标志性影响。诉讼程序的形式和内在机理在很大程度上受到英国法的改造,但大陆法成分也仍然很多,证据法亦兼有大陆法和英美法特色。法律家在表面上同于英国法,即律师为法律职业之母及其两分结构,但实质上他们与大陆国家一样来自大学,法律家代表是人文化、学术化的高级律师。第六章分析两个典型的制度移植——信托和浮动负担,两者都经过大陆式改造,不再是救济方式而是确定的制度,但仍未摆脱衡平法的理念基础,它们既带来新的发展,又引起新的不谐,体现了微观上混合的发展。结论认为苏格兰法是当之无愧的混合法律体系,并进一步指出这与苏格兰特殊的历史文化和民族精神息息相关。
[Abstract]:Scottish law is a mixed legal system with the elements of continental law and Anglo-American law. This paper studies the formation and expression of the mixed characteristics from the legal system. The first and second chapters describe in detail the whole process of Scotland's succession to Roman law and the reform of English law. The former points out that the rise of the tide of studying abroad and the establishment of the Supreme Civil Court are the guarantee of succession. In the 18th century, the academic Scottish law was mature and finished. The latter analyzed the reform of Scottish law from three aspects: the way of influence, the establishment of the dominant position of English law and the degree of influence on various fields. The third, fourth and fifth chapters analyze the mixed characteristics from the structure of the law, the origin of law and the judicial system. Scotland's emphasis on basic legal concepts and legal principles, the concept of "law of rights", and the continental system of departmental law illustrate that the tradition of continental law dominates the structure of law, but is interfered and weakened by the influence of English law. Most notably, Scottish law, like English law, lacks independent commercial law. The sources of law are mainly case law and the Anglo-British statute law of the United Kingdom Parliament, but the tradition of continental law negating the validity of case law and attaching importance to the principle of precedent weakens the principle of precedent, and the enactment law of the Scottish Parliament before 1707 is still based on the mainland model. The classical legal writings are the remnants of the historical habits in which the theory is the source of the law. In addition, the customary law and the equalization also show the dual influence of the Anglo-American law and the continental law. The judicial system mainly includes the court, the lawsuit procedure and the lawman, the monistic court organization and the whole doctrine characteristic respectively manifests the British and American law and the continental law iconic influence. The form and internal mechanism of litigation procedure have been reformed by English law to a great extent, but there are still a lot of elements in civil law, and the evidence law also has the characteristics of civil law and Anglo-American law. On the surface they are the same as English law, that is, lawyers are the mother of the legal profession and their two-part structure, but in fact they come from universities as well as the mainland countries, and they are represented by senior lawyers of human culture and academicalization. The sixth chapter analyzes two typical systems-trust and floating burden. Both of them are reformed by the continental style, which is no longer a relief mode but a determined system, but still not free from the conceptual basis of equity, which has brought new development. It also causes a new dissonance, reflecting the development of microcosmic mixing. The conclusion is that Scottish law is a well-deserved mixed legal system, and further points out that it is closely related to Scotland's special history, culture and national spirit.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D956.1

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