与无船承运业务相关的法律问题探讨

发布时间：2018-06-17 17:13

本文选题：无船承运人 + 无船承运业务　；参考：《中国政法大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 无船承运业务实际上是从货运代理业中分离出来的一种国际海上货物运输业务。随着物流行业的迅速发展,无船承运人在国际海运业务中起着越来越重要的作用。世界各国在对无船承运人制度方面都有着不同的规定,有的国家对无船承运人制度给予明确的规定;有的国家虽然在无船承运人制度方面没有单独的规定,但是其在司法实践中对从事无船承运业务的企业给予契约承运人的地位,同样承担运输合同当事人责任。我国《国际海运条例》的颁布和实施,正式确立了我国的无船承运人的法律地位,使得无船承运人与国际货运代理在海商法下和国际货物运输行业实践中具有了区分的标准和区别的依据。在论文中首先引入最早确立无船承运人的美国法,将我国的无船承运人的界定与之进行比较,以澄清一些相关的概念。然后从无船承运人在其所从事的业务中所涉及到的两个合同关系,来分析无船承运人所签发提单的法律性质以及所具有的法律效力。接着再对保证金制度的意义进行析解,在析解过程中把保证金的性质加以澄清,同时把无船承运人保证金制度与财务责任担保制度进行比较研究。最后从海商法下承运人留置权的各个要件进行论证,得出无船承运人在某些条件下可以行使留置权来对货物进行留置。由于无船承运人本身就处在承运人的地位上,在责任赔偿时当然享有单位责任限制的权利。但是对无船承运人能否享受海事赔偿责任限制,文章考察了几个不同情况,得出只有在非班轮运输的条件下,如果进行租船运输,无船承运人可以成为承租人,因此符合《海商法》中对海事赔偿限制责任主体的资格要求,无船承运人有权享受到海事赔偿责任限制。
[Abstract]:The non-ship transportation is actually a kind of international freight transport business which is separated from the freight forwarder. With the rapid development of logistics industry, NVOCC plays a more and more important role in international shipping. Various countries in the world have different provisions on the system of NVOCC, some countries have explicit provisions on NVOCC, and some countries have no separate provisions on NVOCC, However, in judicial practice, it gives the contract carrier status to the enterprises engaged in the business of non-ship carriage, and also bears the responsibility of the parties to the contract of carriage. The promulgation and implementation of China's regulations on International Maritime Transport have formally established the legal status of NVOCC in China. NVOCC and international freight forwarder have different standards and basis in maritime law and international freight industry practice. In this paper, we first introduce the American law of establishing NVOCC, and compare the definition of NVOCC in our country with it in order to clarify some related concepts. Then the legal nature and the legal effect of the bill of lading issued by the NVOCC are analyzed from the two contractual relationships involved in the NVOCC's business. Then the meaning of the margin system is analyzed and the nature of the margin is clarified. At the same time, the margin system of the non-ship carrier and the guarantee system of financial responsibility are compared and studied. Finally, from the various elements of the carrier lien under the maritime law, it is concluded that the non-ship carrier can exercise the lien to keep the goods under certain conditions. Since the NVOCC itself is in the position of carrier, it has the right of unit liability limitation in liability compensation. However, as to whether the NVOCC can enjoy the limitation of liability for maritime claims, the article investigates several different cases, and concludes that only under the condition of non-liner shipping, if the NVOCC carries on charterer, the NVOCC can become a charterer. Therefore, the NVOCC is entitled to the limitation of liability for maritime claims in accordance with the qualification requirements of the subject of limitation of liability for maritime claims in the Maritime Law.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.294

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