论法律经济学的优势和相关问题

发布时间：2018-07-24 18:13

【摘要】： 法律经济学起源于上世纪60年代的美国,是法学和经济学科际整合形成的、具有强大发展优势的新学科。既可将其视为法学的分支,也可将其视为经济学的分支。其理论的核心在于,所有法律活动,包括一切立法和司法以及整个法律制度,事实上发挥着分配稀缺资源的作用,因此所有法律活动都可以用经济的方法来分析和指导,都要以资源的有效配置和合理利用,即效率最大化为目的。因为法律经济学还处于快速发展中,目前对它只能给出较初步的定义:它是用经济学的方法和理论,主要是运用微观经济经济学,以及运用福利经济学、公共选择理论及其他有关实证和规范的方法考察、研究法律和法律制度的形成、结构、过程、效果、效率及未来发展的学科。由于依托经济学,注重定性和抽象分析的法学开始具备了定量分析的功能。这一点对民商法尤为重要,在处理涉及利益分配的问题时它将更加公正,其崇尚平等自由、家庭伦理、效率优先和兼顾公平的精神将更好地得以体现。中国在建立市场经济和法治社会的道路上,必定离不开法律经济学这一新学科的帮助,而法律经济学在中国的发展也有赖于经济社会的成熟、法治精神的培育和整个社会的进步。本文从一个比较独特的视角,以波斯纳同德沃金的论战和《契约之死》、《契约再生》以及《新社会契约论》三部法学著作为开端,论述了法律经济学作为交叉学科受到接受和推广的发展优势,这种优势是由经济学的强大力量所赐。然后结合一些现实和设计的案例,论述法律经济学在解决具体问题时的优势。这些案例涉及侵权、家庭、企业与社会、社会法中有关赔偿的规定以及公共政策与企业、经济的关系。从中可以发现,法律经济学的分析方法可使我们获得直观的新视角、根据实际情况灵活辩证地解决问题;并促使立法者在制订法律时进行全方位考虑,同时制定相关配套措施和制度以确保法律的效果和效益;为解决复杂、疑难案件提供新思路;客观评价政策、法规对经济生活的影响。尽管法律经济学具有许多优势,对法治建设的意义非常重要,它在中国的发展还存在一些问题。这些问题主要同国内法学界理论研究水平和深度、经济学的发展水平和法律经济学尚未彻底解决的自身问题,如效率和正义的关系等有关,还与经济制度现状、部门利益的阻碍以及决策层的认识有很大关系。为更好地发
[Abstract]:Law and economics originated in the United States in the 1960s. It is a new subject with strong development advantages and is formed by the integration of law and economics. It can be regarded as a branch of law or as a branch of economics. The core of its theory is that all legal activities, including all legislative and judicial activities, as well as the legal system as a whole, play a role in the allocation of scarce resources, so that all legal activities can be analysed and guided by economic methods. All should take the resources effective disposition and the reasonable utilization, namely the efficiency maximizes as the goal. Because legal economics is still in the process of rapid development, at present it can only be defined in a more preliminary way: it uses the methods and theories of economics, mainly microeconomics, and the use of welfare economics. The study of public choice theory and other empirical and normative methods to study the formation, structure, process, effect, efficiency and future development of law and legal system. Since relying on economics, qualitative and abstract analysis of law began to have the function of quantitative analysis. This is particularly important to civil and commercial law, which will be more just in dealing with issues involving the distribution of interests, and its spirit of advocating equality and freedom, family ethics, efficiency first and giving consideration to equity will be better reflected. In the course of establishing a market economy and a society ruled by law, China is bound to rely on the help of the new discipline of law and economics, and the development of legal economics in China also depends on the maturity of the economic society. The cultivation of the spirit of rule of law and the progress of the whole society. From a relatively unique perspective, this paper begins with three legal books, Posner and Dworkin, "the death of contract", "contract Regeneration" and "the Theory of New Social contract". This paper discusses the development advantage of law economics, which is accepted and popularized as an interdisciplinary subject, which is given by the powerful force of economics. Then it discusses the advantages of law and economics in solving specific problems with some practical and designed cases. These cases involve tort, family, business and society, social law provisions on compensation, and the relationship between public policy and business and the economy. It can be found that the analytical method of legal economics can give us an intuitive new perspective to solve problems flexibly and dialectically according to the actual situation, and urge legislators to consider all aspects when making laws. At the same time, related measures and systems are formulated to ensure the effect and benefit of law; to provide new ideas for solving complicated and difficult cases; to objectively evaluate the impact of policies and regulations on economic life. Although law and economics have many advantages and are very important to the construction of rule of law, there are still some problems in its development in China. These problems are mainly related to the level and depth of theoretical research in domestic legal circles, the level of development of economics and the unsolved problems of law and economics, such as the relationship between efficiency and justice, and the present situation of economic system. The obstruction of departmental interest and the understanding of decision-making level have very big relation. For the better.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D90-05

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