关于海上保险若干法律问题的研究

发布时间：2018-08-21 07:59

【摘要】： 在人类越来越寻求安全和保障的今天,保险业更加蓬勃发展,海上保险在新的历史条件下,也有了新的发展。在海上保险的初始,为防止被保险人利用保险来获取非法利益,海上保险法律对被保险人的规定非常严厉,这也正体现了当时立法者保护保险人的初衷。但是随着海上保险业的发展,海上保险法律制度价值取向已经悄悄地发生了变化。本文首先对保险利益的定义、构成要素和功能进行论述,同时也对英美法系与大陆法系有关保险利益规定进行比较,着重强调了在海上保险中应采用经济性原则以及采用保险利益的相对性,通过对保险利益各方面的论述来体现国际海上保险价值取向的转变,就保险利益而言,这种转变的趋势表现在保险利益概念的扩大性解释上,即使保险利益的外延不断地扩大,从与保险财产有关的利益,扩大到与保险标的无关的利益,只要保险合同中的被保险人遭受损失即可。在第二章中笔者主要对被保险人及保险人的告知义务分别进行了论述。通过对被保险人告知义务的限制以及对保险人告知义务的严格要求,使得保险业向着保护被保险人的利益的方向发展。就被保险人的告知义务而言,主要在时间范围、方式、履行范围以及违反告知义务的法律后果等方面对其进行限制,以减少被保险人的严苛责任。对保险人告知义务的严格要求主要体现在其违反告知义务的法律后果方面。在第三章中笔者从保证的含义、分类及对保证的限制进行了论述,要从立法和司法两方面对保证进行限制。在这三章内容中,笔者对我国海上保险立法中有关保险利益、告知义务和保证的问题提出了一些自己的建议和看法,以期对法律工作者或实务工作者有所帮助。本文研究过程中,笔者主要运用了比较的研究方法,立足于《1906年英国海上保险法》和我国有关海上保险的立法现状,通过比较分析,探讨国际海上保险法律制度价值取向的转变以及对我国《海商法》中的相关内容提出修改建议。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the insurance industry is developing more and more vigorously, and marine insurance has also developed under the new historical conditions. At the beginning of marine insurance, in order to prevent the insured from using insurance to obtain illegal benefits, the law of marine insurance is very strict to the insured, which reflects the original intention of legislator to protect the insurer at that time. However, with the development of marine insurance, the value orientation of marine insurance legal system has changed quietly. This paper first discusses the definition, elements and functions of insurance interests, and also compares the provisions of insurance interests between the common law system and the civil law system. It is emphasized that the principle of economy and the relativity of insurance interest should be adopted in marine insurance, and the change of value orientation of international marine insurance should be reflected through the discussion of various aspects of insurance interests, as far as insurance interests are concerned, The trend of this change is manifested in the extended interpretation of the concept of insurance interest, even though the extension of the insurance interest continues to expand, from the interest related to the insurance property to the interest not related to the subject matter of the insurance. As long as the insured in the insurance contract suffered losses. In the second chapter, the author mainly discusses the obligations of the insured and the insurer. Through the limitation of the insurant's obligation of informing and the strict requirement of the insurer's obligation of informing, the insurance industry develops towards the direction of protecting the insurant's interests. As far as the obligation to inform the insured is concerned, it is mainly limited in terms of time limit, mode, performance scope and the legal consequences of breach of the obligation of notification, so as to reduce the severe liability of the insured. The strict requirements of the insurer's obligation to inform are mainly reflected in the legal consequences of its breach of the obligation of notification. In the third chapter, the author discusses the meaning, classification and limitation of the guarantee, and limits the guarantee from the aspects of legislation and judicature. In these three chapters, the author puts forward some suggestions and opinions about the insurance interests, the obligation of informing and the guarantee in the legislation of marine insurance in China, in order to be helpful to the legal workers or practical workers. In the course of this study, the author mainly uses the comparative research method, based on the "1906 British Marine Insurance Act" and the current situation of legislation on marine insurance in China, through comparative analysis, This paper probes into the change of the value orientation of the legal system of international marine insurance and puts forward some suggestions for the revision of the relevant contents of China's Maritime Law.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D922.284

【共引文献】