曼斯菲尔德与18世纪英国法

发布时间：2018-09-13 06:29

【摘要】： 曼斯菲尔德勋爵(Lord Mansfield,1705-1793)是英国最伟大的法官之一,对18世纪英国法的发展具有重大影响。作为英国王座法院的首席大法官,曼斯菲尔德在将近32年的法官生涯里致力于英国商法,为近代英国乃至全世界的商法奠定了坚实的基础。本文分为五个部分:导论、曼斯菲尔德的生平、曼斯菲尔德对英国商法的贡献、曼斯菲尔德对英国其他法律领域的影响、结论。导论部分主要阐述了论文的选题意义、国内外目前关于该题目的研究情况以及文章的结构。第一章介绍了曼斯菲尔德勋爵的生平。本章将其生平大致分为三个阶段:求学时期、功成名就时期和王座法院首席大法官时期。这三个时期分别代表着曼斯菲尔德法律人生的成长、历练以及成熟时期。曼斯菲尔德成长于一个苏格兰贵族家庭,14岁时到英格兰威斯敏斯特读书,后就读于英国牛津大学,获得文学学士和硕士学位。在牛津大学读书期间,他又进入林肯律师会馆学习法律。曼斯菲尔德精通辩论术,喜欢罗马法。这些才华成为其以后律师生涯和从政期间以及担任王座法院法官期间施展抱负的支撑。第二章在开端介绍了18世纪英国的时代背景、当时英国社会商法的发展概况。接下来从历史演进的角度依次介绍的是曼斯菲尔德对英国海上保险法、票据法、契约法的发展所起的推动作用。曼斯菲尔德对英国法最大的贡献是将商事习惯固定下来成为真正的法律,使之变为普通法的一部分。在这个过程中,他还修改和完善了这些商业习惯,令其更加符合当时经济的需要。曼斯菲尔德对英国海上保险法做出了突出的贡献,他创立了一个完整的海上保险法体系。本文挑选了两个案例详细论述了曼斯菲尔德对海上保险中的保险利益原则和保证制度的贡献。曼斯菲尔德肯定了票据的可流通性的价值,为资本主义的经济流转提供了便利。另外,对契约法曼斯菲尔德也提出了自己的改革性意见。第三章简要介绍了曼斯菲尔德对英国其他法律领域的贡献。其中最重要的也是最具有历史性意义的是其对英国奴隶制度的贡献。另外,该部分还介绍了他在法益剥夺、信仰自由方面的建树。结论部分概述了文章的主要内容,并对曼斯菲尔德的法律生涯作出总结和评价。
[Abstract]:Lord Mansfield,1705-1793 was one of the greatest judges in England and had a great influence on the development of English law in the 18 th century. As the chief justice of the Royal Court of England, Mansfield devoted himself to British commercial law for nearly 32 years, which laid a solid foundation for the commercial law of modern England and even the whole world. This article is divided into five parts: introduction, the life of Mansfield, Mansfield's contribution to British commercial law, Mansfield's influence on other fields of English law, and conclusion. The introduction part mainly expounds the significance of the topic, the current research situation and the structure of the article at home and abroad. The first chapter introduces Lord Mansfield's life. This chapter divides its life into three stages: the period of study, the period of success and the period of chief justice of the throne court. These three periods represent the growth, experience and maturity of Mansfield's legal life. Mansfield grew up in a Scottish aristocratic family when he went to Westminster, England, at the age of 14, and received a Bachelor of Arts and Master's degree from Oxford University. While at Oxford, he went to the Lincoln Bar Hall to study law. Mansfield is proficient in debate and likes Roman law. These talents underpin his future career as a lawyer, his career as a politician and his ambition as a court judge. The second chapter introduces the background of the 18 th century England, the development of the British social commercial law at that time. Then, from the angle of historical evolution, it introduces Mansfield's role in promoting the development of British marine insurance law, negotiable instrument law and contract law. Mansfield's greatest contribution to English law was to formalize commercial custom into real law and make it a part of common law. In the process, he also modified and refined these business practices to make them more in line with the needs of the economy. Mansfield made an outstanding contribution to the law of marine insurance in England and created a complete system of marine insurance law. In this paper, two cases are selected to discuss Mansfield's contribution to the principle of insurance interest and the guarantee system in marine insurance. Mansfield affirmed the negotiable value of bills and facilitated the economic circulation of capitalism. In addition, the contract law Mansfield also put forward their own reform advice. Chapter three briefly introduces Mansfield's contribution to other fields of English law. One of the most important and historic is its contribution to slavery in England. In addition, this part also introduces his achievements in the aspects of legal interest deprivation and freedom of belief. The conclusion summarizes the main contents of the article and summarizes and evaluates Mansfield's legal career.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D956.1

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