海上保险法的国际协调

发布时间：2018-10-20 10:53

【摘要】： 国际海上运输是国际商事往来、货物买卖的主要承载方式之一。国际商事交往随着全球化风暴的到来而更加的频繁,海上运输的交易方式在跨国商事交往中的地位也日益突显,成为跨国贸易环节中不可缺少的一部分,是国际商业活动往来中重要的支柱,承担着大宗货物买卖的运输工作,发挥着桥梁作用。这种变化客观上带动了相关法律的发展,其中调整海事各方主体相互关系与权利义务的海上保险法越来越多地受到关注。作为国际商法的重要分支,海上保险法的国际性与跨国性在当代前所未有的彰显,基于实践中各国海上保险法的不一致所带来的不便与冲突,法律的国际协调问题渐被提到国际日程。在可选择的协调途径中,国际公约与国际示范法是两种相对可行的办法,然而由于国际公约自身缺乏开放性与灵活性,对缔约国要求较高,暂不适宜应用于海上保险法的国际协调。相比之下,示范法的软法特性与其在国际商事领域取得的巨大成功,使之具备了担任协调大任的能力。因此,国际示范法的协调之路更符合海上保险法的要求。本文主张采用以传统的示范条款为主、海上保险标准条款为辅建立起示范法。本文对海上保险法的两大基本原则——保证与告知义务分别提出协调的建议,建议保留保证制度,但将对保证的选择权交给海上保险合同当事方;在告知义务中,以平衡合同当事人利益为原则,在示范法中以列举的方式最大可能地明确何为“重要情况”,以此避免理解中各种差异。最后,本文主张在示范条款的框架下,选择性地拟定各种标准条款,由保险双方根据需要选择适用其中一种。
[Abstract]:International maritime transport is one of the main means of carrying goods in international commercial transactions. With the arrival of the globalization storm, international commercial exchanges become more frequent, and the status of maritime transportation in transnational commercial exchanges is increasingly prominent, becoming an indispensable part of transnational trade links. It is an important pillar in the international business activities, and plays a bridge role in the transportation of bulk goods. This change has led to the development of relevant laws objectively, among which the marine insurance law, which adjusts the relationship between the main bodies of the maritime parties and the rights and obligations of the parties, has been paid more and more attention to. As an important branch of international commercial law, the international and transnational nature of marine insurance law is manifested in the contemporary unprecedented, based on the inconveniences and conflicts caused by the inconsistency of the maritime insurance law of various countries in practice. The issue of international coordination of laws has gradually been put on the international agenda. Among the alternative approaches to coordination, international conventions and international model laws are two relatively feasible approaches, however, due to the lack of openness and flexibility in the international conventions themselves, they are more demanding of States parties, It is not suitable for the international coordination of marine insurance law. By contrast, the soft law character of the Model Law and its great success in the field of international commerce have enabled it to assume the coordinating role. Therefore, the harmonization of the international model law is more in line with the requirements of marine insurance law. This paper advocates the establishment of a model law based on the traditional model clauses, supplemented by the marine insurance standard clauses. In this paper, two basic principles of marine insurance law, the obligation of guarantee and the obligation of notification, are proposed to coordinate separately, and it is suggested that the guarantee system should be retained, but the option of guarantee should be given to the parties to the marine insurance contract. Based on the principle of balancing the interests of the parties to the contract, in the Model Law, it is possible to define what is "material case" in the way of enumeration, so as to avoid various differences in understanding. Finally, this paper argues that under the framework of model clauses, various standard clauses should be drawn up selectively, and one of them should be applied by the insurance parties according to their needs.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D996.19;D912.28

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