浮动抵押及其设立问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-23 14:09

【摘要】：浮动抵押是一种特殊的担保方式，它是债务人在其现时和将来的财产集合上所设立的抵押，并且在抵押权实现之前，债务人可以相对自由地处分抵押财产。与传统抵押相比，浮动抵押体现了商业社会对效益的要求，在资金融通、经营维持方面具有天然的优势。浮动抵押权的设立是整套浮动抵押制度的运行起点，包含了设立主体、设立客体、设立登记等要素。浮动抵押发源于英美法系衡平法，并且逐渐被主要大陆法系国家吸收借鉴，根据自身国情创设了类似的信用担保制度。通过对外国浮动抵押制度的考察，我们可以得到很多有益的启示。浮动抵押具有非常明显的商事特征，营业抵押（营业财产抵押）就是其在商法体系中的制度投影。通过商事性分析可以发现，公司最适合成为浮动抵押的抵押人，非公司企业及其他经济主体在一定条件下也可以设立浮动抵押；浮动抵押标的物与营业财产的范围基本重合，在实践中，对其中的“事实关系”和“负债”要引起特别注意。几经周折之后，2007年颁布实施的《中华人民共和国物权法》突破性地引入了浮动抵押制度。但从立法内容上看，其在浮动抵押权设立方面还存在很多缺陷，主体范围过宽，客体范围偏窄，登记制度也不够完备。鉴于此，一方面，我们应当根据浮动抵押的商事特性，对其设立要素和设立程序进行有针对性地改革，适当调整主客体范围，健全登记制度；另一方面，要完善相关立法，建立配套制度，，全面推进浮动抵押在我国的发展。
[Abstract]:Floating charge is a special way of security, it is the debtor in the present and future property set up on the mortgage, and before the realization of the mortgage, the debtor can dispose of the mortgaged property relatively freely. Compared with traditional mortgage, floating mortgage embodies the demand of commercial society for benefit, and has natural advantages in fund financing and operation and maintenance. The establishment of floating mortgage is the starting point of the whole floating mortgage system, including the establishment of the subject, the establishment of the object, the establishment of registration and so on. Floating charge originates from the equity law of Anglo-American law system, and is gradually absorbed and used for reference by major civil law countries, and has created a similar credit guarantee system according to its own national conditions. Through the investigation of foreign floating charge system, we can get a lot of useful enlightenment. Floating charge has very obvious commercial characteristics, business mortgage (business property mortgage) is its institutional projection in the commercial law system. Through commercial analysis, it can be found that the company is the most suitable mortgagor for floating charge, non-company enterprises and other economic entities can also set up floating charge under certain conditions, the scope of floating mortgage subject matter and business property basically coincide, In practice, special attention should be paid to the relationship between facts and liabilities. After several setbacks, the PRC Real right Law, promulgated in 2007, introduced the floating charge system. But from the legislative content, there are still many defects in the establishment of floating mortgage, the scope of the subject is too wide, the scope of the object is narrow, and the registration system is not complete. In view of this, on the one hand, we should, according to the commercial characteristics of floating charge, reform its establishment elements and procedures, adjust the scope of subject and object appropriately, and improve the registration system; on the other hand, we should perfect the relevant legislation. Set up supporting system, advance the development of floating charge in our country in an all-round way.
【学位授予单位】：青海民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923

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