商事代理若干问题之探讨

发布时间：2018-11-15 12:51

【摘要】：商事代理制度作为商法的重要制度之一,产生、发展已久。大陆法系从主体角度来规制商事代理,英美法系代理的含义较为广泛,是指代理人同意为本人的利益进行活动的情形;无论英美法系还是大陆法系,接受本人的授权为代理权之主要来源、代理人的营利性行为、不以显名为必要、主体资格应当符合法律规定等均是商事代理的共同特征,而且商事代理与经销、信托、行纪及经济学意义上的代理有根本的区别。商事代理体现了市场经济对社会资源配置追求公平与效率的原则,在经济活动中,具有拓展空间、开拓市场、避免和减小商业风险、降低费用的功能。由于商务活动本身的复杂多样性,以及人们依据各自的不同要求对代理的不同需要,商事代理呈现出多样化的类型,而且根据不同的标准有不同的分类。大陆法系商事代理的发展可以追溯到罗马法,商业的发展,尤其是海上贸易的发展,为代理法的产生和形成创造了基本社会条件,保罗.拉班德区别委任合同与代理权代表着大陆法系现代意义上的代理的真正形成;桑德维奇案等许多历史事件促进了英美法系现代代理理论的产生,直至19世纪代理法才成为一个独立的法律部门。不同的历史发展、法律文化,导致了两大法系理论基础的不同,大陆法系为区别论——把委托与授权区别开来,英美法系为“等同论”——通过他人去做的行为视同自己亲自做的一样,不同的理论基础,形成了不同的商事代理法律制度,与经济发展相适应,在代理范围、确定谁与第三人签订合同的标准、基本分类、代理权的产生依据、确定无权代理人承担责任的原则及表见代理理论等方面形成了根本的不同。与其他民商事法律关系不同,商事代理法律关系涉及三方当事人、三方法律关系,且各方当事人之间的权利义务不对等,代理人对本人除负有合同义务外,还负有受托信义义务及管理义务;而本人应当支付给代理人佣金和报酬,补偿合理费用和遭受的损失,并尊重代理人的留置权;本人、代理人与第三人之间的关系确认因两大法系代理理论的不同而不同。我国商事代理立法主要体现在三大法律中:《民法通则》规定了直接代理,《对外贸易法》规定了外贸代理,《合同法》规定了委托、行纪,并吸收了英美法系的先进理论——隐名代理、不披露本人的代理等。商事代理应用于商业实践,对经济发展的促进作用是不可忽视的,目前,商事代理的种类繁多、效果突出、形式多样。作为商事代理
[Abstract]:As one of the important systems of commercial law, commercial agency system has been developed for a long time. The continental law system regulates the commercial agency from the angle of the subject. The common law system has a broad meaning, that is, the agent agrees to carry out the activities for his own interests. Whether Anglo-American law system or civil law system, accepting the authorization of the agent is the main source of the agency right, the profit-making behavior of the agent is not necessary in the name, and the subject qualification should conform to the legal provisions are all the common characteristics of the commercial agent. And there are fundamental differences between commercial agency and distribution, trust, disciplinary and economic sense of agency. Commercial agency embodies the principle that the market economy pursues fairness and efficiency in the allocation of social resources. In economic activities, it has the functions of expanding space, opening up markets, avoiding and reducing commercial risks and reducing costs. Due to the complex diversity of business activities and the different needs of commercial agents according to their different requirements, commercial agents show various types and have different classification according to different standards. The development of commercial agency in civil law system can be traced back to Roman law. The development of commerce, especially the development of maritime trade, created the basic social conditions for the emergence and formation of agency law, Paul. The difference between the contract of appointment and the right of agency represents the real formation of the agent in the modern sense of the continental law system. Many historical events, such as Sandwich case, promoted the emergence of modern agency theory in common law system, and it was not until the 19th century that agency law became an independent legal department. Different historical developments and legal cultures have led to differences in the theoretical basis of the two major legal systems. The continental law system is the distinction between entrustment and authorization. Anglo-American law system is the "equivalence theory"-the behavior done by others is regarded as the same as what they have done in person. Different theoretical bases have formed different legal systems of commercial agency, which are adapted to the economic development and are within the scope of agency. There are fundamental differences in the standard, basic classification, the basis of the agency right, the principle of responsibility of the unauthorized agent and the apparent agency theory to determine who signs the contract with the third party. Different from other civil and commercial legal relations, the legal relationship of commercial agency involves three parties, the tripartite legal relationship, and the rights and obligations between the parties are not equal, the agent has contractual obligations to himself, Also has the fiduciary duty and the management duty; I should pay the agent commission and remuneration, compensate the reasonable expenses and losses, and respect the lien of the agent. The relationship between the agent and the third party is confirmed by the difference of agency theory between the two legal systems. The legislation of commercial agency in China is mainly embodied in three major laws: the General principles of Civil Law provides for direct agency, the Foreign Trade Law provides for foreign trade agency, the contract Law provides for entrustment and the execution of discipline. And absorbed the advanced theory of Anglo-American law system-anonymous agent, not to disclose my agent. The application of commercial agent in commercial practice can not be ignored in promoting economic development. At present, commercial agency has many kinds, outstanding effects and various forms. As a commercial agent
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D923

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