MTO赔偿责任研究

发布时间：2018-12-28 06:46

【摘要】：多式联运是适应日益发展的国际贸易的需要而产生的新型国际货物运输组织方式。与其它单式货物运输方式相同的是，MTO (Multimodal Transport Operatot，多式联运经营人)作为货物运输合同中托运人的相对方，将承运货物安全如期送达收货人处是其基本义务，对义务的违反或不履行将导致义务方的赔偿责任；不同之处在于，MTO作为多式联运的组织者和经营人，并不实际承运或仅部分承运货物，这一特点使得MTO赔偿责任制度的构建成为一个自国际货物多式联运出现后便困扰着理论界和实务界的难题。各国际组织制定的公约或规则或者采用网状责任制，或者采用统一责任制，或者折衷采用经修订的网状责任制，但均未能得到各国国内方一致的支持，，原因不仅在于MTO、承运人及货物利益方(包括发货人、收货人和多式联运单据持有人)个体之间的利益、责任和风险的分配众口难调，还因为涉及各国与国际贸易有关的经济利益甚至政治利益。加之各种单式运输方式的承运人责任制度无论在国际法还是国内法均已较为成熟，因此如何协调MTO与各实际承运人之间的责任分配问题，既是成功构建MTO责任制度的关键，也是MTO赔偿责任的核心问题。这正是研究MTO赔偿责任的理论意义所在。我国作为世界贸易大国，国际货物运输的效率高低决定着物流能力是为我国国际贸易如虎添翼还是成为发展瓶颈。多式联运已成为国际货物运输的重要方式并被国际市场广泛应用，我国《海商法》作为市场经济的法律折射面之一也已对多式联运做出了专节规定，虽然失于简陋并显然是滞后于多式联运发展的世纪发展状况的，但研究MTO赔偿责任这一多式联运的关键问题，正是为了汲取已有的成熟的或不成熟的立法实践的经验，为完善我国相关立法提供参照和借鉴，从而推动我国多式联运、进而推动我国国际贸易的发展。本文共分五部分。第一部分从MTO赔偿责任的基本理论入手，对MTO的法律性质和法律地位进行分析，以界定其特定的法律身份，并对MTO赔偿责任的发展做出预测；第二部分从立法实践和理论分析两方面讨论了现有的MTO赔偿责任法律体制的构建方法，比较了网状责任制与统一责任制各自的优劣之处，对现被MTO普遍接受的经修订的网状责任制作出评价；
[Abstract]:Multimodal transport is a new type of organization for international freight transport, which meets the needs of the growing international trade. , MTO (Multimodal Transport Operatot, multimodal transport operator is the counterpart of the shipper in the contract of carriage of goods. It is its basic obligation to deliver the goods safely to the consignee on time. The breach or non-performance of the obligation will lead to the liability of the obligor; The difference is that MTO, as the organizer and operator of multimodal transport, does not actually or only partially carry the goods, This feature makes the construction of MTO liability system become a difficult problem for the theoretical and practical circles since the emergence of international multimodal transport of goods. Conventions or rules formulated by international organizations either adopt a network responsibility system, or adopt a uniform responsibility system, or compromise the adoption of a revised network responsibility system, but none of them enjoy unanimous domestic support, not only because of the MTO, The distribution of interests, responsibilities and risks between the carrier and the parties to the goods (including the consignor, the consignee and the holder of multimodal transport documents) is difficult to reconcile, also because of the economic and even political interests of countries involved in international trade. In addition, the carrier liability system of various single modes of transport is mature in both international law and domestic law. Therefore, how to coordinate the distribution of responsibility between MTO and actual carriers is the key to the successful construction of MTO liability system. It is also the core issue of MTO liability. This is the theoretical significance of the study of MTO liability. As a big trading country in the world, the efficiency of international freight transportation determines whether the logistics ability is a bottleneck for China's international trade. Multimodal transport has become an important way of international transport of goods and is widely used in the international market. As one of the legal refraction of the market economy, China's Maritime Law has also made a special section on multimodal transport. Although the lack of simplicity is obviously lagging behind the development of multimodal transport in the century, the study of MTO liability, the key issue of multimodal transport, is in order to draw on the existing experience of mature or immature legislative practice. To improve the relevant legislation of our country to provide reference and reference, so as to promote China's multimodal transport, and then promote the development of China's international trade. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part starts with the basic theory of MTO liability and analyzes the legal nature and legal status of MTO in order to define its specific legal status and predict the development of MTO liability. The second part discusses the construction method of the existing MTO liability legal system from two aspects of legislative practice and theoretical analysis, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the network responsibility system and the unified responsibility system. To evaluate the revised network responsibility system, which is now generally accepted by MTO;
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D922.294

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