《鹿特丹规则》下托运人义务强化之研究
发布时间：2019-04-12 18:21
【摘要】： 《联合国全部或部分海上国际货物运输合同公约》即《鹿特丹规则》已于2008年12月11日在联合国大会通过,她是国际海上货物运输法领域新的里程碑。其在对海运双方当事人权利与义务进行全面调整的同时,更注重双方权利与义务的对称性和对应性。因而,如何划定海上货物运输合同的一方当事人——托运人的权利义务,使船货双方的利益能够实现新的平衡,成为《鹿特丹规则》所要解决的重要问题之一。在以往的以承运人为中心的《海牙规则》和《汉堡规则》等国际公约的立法模式中,对托运人的关注极少,仅有少量的条款涉及托运人的义务和责任。然而《鹿特丹规则》不仅仅是简单平衡了海运双方当事人的利益,更是对承托双方法律制度的一种完善,而对托运人义务的规制很好的体现了这种完善。 本文首先分析了“托运人”这一法律主体在国际货物运输公约法律下的演变,确定本文中“托运人”主体范围,即《鹿特丹规则》项下的与承运人订立运输合同的人。从《鹿特丹规则》第7章托运人对承运人履行的义务分析入手,对比分析《海牙规则》、《汉堡规则》下托运人义务与责任,得出无论在托运人义务法律体系的构建还是在托运人的实质性义务的规制方面,《鹿特丹规则》都较以往的公约得到强化的效果的结论。其次,在对各公约中托运人义务分析后,本文也试图探索《鹿特丹规则》下托运人义务此种变化的深层次涵义及背后的动因。最后,比较《鹿特丹规则》与我国《海商法》中托运人义务规定的不同,提出修改我国《海商法》中托运人义务相关规定的建议,使我国《海商法》的规定更具实践的适应性。
[Abstract]:The Rotterdam rules, the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Carriage of goods by Sea, which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 11 December 2008, represent a new milestone in the field of international transport of goods by sea. While adjusting the rights and obligations of both parties, it pays more attention to the symmetry and correspondence of the rights and obligations of both parties. Therefore, how to delineate the rights and obligations of a party to the contract of carriage of goods by sea-the shipper's rights and obligations, so that the interests of both sides of the ship and cargo can achieve a new balance, has become one of the important issues to be solved in Rotterdam rules. In previous legislative models of international conventions such as the Hague rules and Hamburg rules focusing on carriers, little attention was paid to shippers and only a small number of provisions concerned the shipper's obligations and liabilities. However, Rotterdam rules not only balance the interests of both parties in maritime transport, but also improve the legal system of both parties, and the regulation of shipper's obligations reflects this perfection. This paper first analyzes the evolution of the legal subject "shipper" under the law of the Convention on the International Carriage of goods, and determines the scope of the subject of the "shipper" in this paper, that is, the person who enters into a contract of carriage with the carrier under the Rotterdam rules. Starting with the analysis of the shipper's obligations to the carrier in Chapter 7 of the Rotterdam rules, a comparative analysis of the obligations and responsibilities of the shipper under the Hague rules, Hamburg rules, It is concluded that the Rotterdam rules are more effective than the previous conventions in both the construction of the legal system of shipper's obligations and the regulation of the shipper's substantive obligations. Secondly, after analyzing the shipper's obligations in various conventions, this paper also tries to explore the profound meaning and the motive behind the change of shipper's obligations under Rotterdam rules. Finally, comparing the difference between the Rotterdam rules and the shipper's obligations in China's Maritime Code, this paper puts forward some suggestions to amend the relevant provisions of the shipper's obligations in China's Maritime Code, so as to make the provisions of China's Maritime Code more practical and adaptable.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D996.19
本文编号：2457263
[Abstract]:The Rotterdam rules, the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Carriage of goods by Sea, which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 11 December 2008, represent a new milestone in the field of international transport of goods by sea. While adjusting the rights and obligations of both parties, it pays more attention to the symmetry and correspondence of the rights and obligations of both parties. Therefore, how to delineate the rights and obligations of a party to the contract of carriage of goods by sea-the shipper's rights and obligations, so that the interests of both sides of the ship and cargo can achieve a new balance, has become one of the important issues to be solved in Rotterdam rules. In previous legislative models of international conventions such as the Hague rules and Hamburg rules focusing on carriers, little attention was paid to shippers and only a small number of provisions concerned the shipper's obligations and liabilities. However, Rotterdam rules not only balance the interests of both parties in maritime transport, but also improve the legal system of both parties, and the regulation of shipper's obligations reflects this perfection. This paper first analyzes the evolution of the legal subject "shipper" under the law of the Convention on the International Carriage of goods, and determines the scope of the subject of the "shipper" in this paper, that is, the person who enters into a contract of carriage with the carrier under the Rotterdam rules. Starting with the analysis of the shipper's obligations to the carrier in Chapter 7 of the Rotterdam rules, a comparative analysis of the obligations and responsibilities of the shipper under the Hague rules, Hamburg rules, It is concluded that the Rotterdam rules are more effective than the previous conventions in both the construction of the legal system of shipper's obligations and the regulation of the shipper's substantive obligations. Secondly, after analyzing the shipper's obligations in various conventions, this paper also tries to explore the profound meaning and the motive behind the change of shipper's obligations under Rotterdam rules. Finally, comparing the difference between the Rotterdam rules and the shipper's obligations in China's Maritime Code, this paper puts forward some suggestions to amend the relevant provisions of the shipper's obligations in China's Maritime Code, so as to make the provisions of China's Maritime Code more practical and adaptable.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D996.19
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