论提单的法律性质——兼谈无单放货中的几个法律问题
发布时间：2019-04-21 22:15
【摘要】： 提单在国际贸易中扮演了举足轻重的角色，尤其在现代单证交易制度下，其作 用已经远远超出海上运输的环节，而提单法律制度的建设是发挥提单正常功能的保 障。我国虽然在1992年制定的《海商海》中对提单作了规定，但与提单实践的需 求和发展相比，显得过于单薄，缺乏对国际货物运输和贸易活动的前瞻性和引导性。 本文试图以发展的眼光重新打量提单，在对传统的提单理论进行反思的基础上，提 出提单制度的独立性，以及提单权利的证券化，并探寻完善我国提单法律制度的总 体思路和具体内容。 首先，我认为传统上对提单货物收据、运输合同证明及物权凭证三大功能的认 识中，前两项实为证据功能，并非提单所专属，，而只有后一项才是提单的专有特性， 也是提单不可取代的原因所在。而且就提单在国际贸易中发挥的实际作用来看，提 单的法律定位也不应局限于运输单证。其次，权利的证券化趋势符合现代社会经济 发展的需要，使得资源的流动和配置更加快捷和简便易行，提单权利的证券化正是 顺应了这种发展趋势，使提单制度从传统走向现代。针对于传统认为的提单是物权 证券、要因证券和证权证券的主张，本文提出了提单证券的几大特性：债权性与物 权性并存；无因性；设权性；流通性。此外，还针对司法界中主张的“丧失物权凭 证功能论”予以评论，指出这种主张没有法律依据。 论文的另一重要视点则牢牢关注着我国的海事审判活动。合同的扩张性在海上 运输领域中表现得尤为明显，法律以其强制性的手段在实体上赋予不是合同关系的 当事人以合同关系中的各项权利义务，并且不允许以侵权之诉规避这种强制性制度 的安排，相应地，在程序上也应给予有关当事人以相应的法律地位。同时，也允许 当事人就侵权和违约责任竞合作出选择，但要受到强制法的限制。在代理问题上， 本文特别提出二点质疑，一是船舶代理人事前未得到承运人指示的无单放货行为是 否一律认定为越权代理；二是无单放货行为是否构成《民法通则》上的违法行为。 最后，针对我国提单法律制度的建设提出，在提单制度设计的整体思路上，应从有 价证券的角度确定提单的权利义务关系，加强对善意提单持有人的保护，维护交易 安全；相应地还应当完善各项具体的提单法律制度，如明确提单注销义务，确立提 单登记制度等。 围绕着提单的本质属性，作者试图对我国建立与完善提单法律制度作出理论上 的探讨与构想，同时希望与司法实践的同行们加强交流与构通，共同为我国海商法 制的发展尽一份力量。
[Abstract]:The bill of lading plays a very important role in international trade, especially in the modern document trading system. The construction of the bill of lading legal system is far beyond the link of carriage by sea. play The security barrier of the normal function of the bill of lading. In the commercial sea, the bill of lading is specified, but compared with the need of the bill of lading practice, It is too thin and lacks a forward-looking and guiding role in the international transport of goods and trade. This paper attempts to re-view the bill of lading with the view of development and to reflect on the traditional theory of bill of lading on the top of the table, lift The Independence of the Bill of Lading and the Securitization of the Bill of Lading 'Rights, and the Exploration of the Perfection of Our Country The general idea and content of the single legal system. First, I think the traditional bill of lading The recognition of the three functions of the certificate of transportation contract and the certificate of real right Of course, the first two are evidence. The function is not the exclusive of the bill of lading, and only the latter one is The proprietary nature of the bill of lading is also the reason for the non-substitution of the bill of lading. In the light of the practical effect of the single in international trade, the author The legal position of the document does not It should be limited to transport documents. Second, the securitization trend of rights is in line with the modern social economy The need for development so that the flow and distribution of resources The Securitization of the Bill of Lading 'Rights it is in response to this trend of development that The bill of lading system is from the tradition to the modern. The bill of lading is the real right for the traditional thought. On the basis of the proposition of the securities and the security right, the paper puts forward several characteristics of the bill of lading's securities: the creditor's right and the right of credit. The coexistence of the weight of the object; the non-conformity; the establishment of power; the circulation; and, in addition, to the administration of justice. in the community Comment on the function of the loss of real right on the basis of the function of proof to point out that such a master There is no legal basis. The other important point of view of the paper is in prison. I'm very concerned about our country. Maritime trial activities. The expansion of the contract is particularly relevant in the field of maritime transport It is clear that the law gives no contractual relationship to the entity with its mandatory means The party's rights and obligations in the relationship of the contract shall not be allowed to avoid such compulsory system in the case of infringement. The arrangement of the parties concerned shall, accordingly, be given to the relevant parties in accordance with the relevant law the status of law . At the same time, the parties are also allowed to select the concurrence of the infringement and the liability for breach of contract. choose, but be strong The limitation of the manufacturing method. In the case of the agency, this paper makes two points in particular. The first is that the ship's agent has not received the carrier's instructions in advance, and the act of no-release is no. All are deemed to be an ultra vires agent;
【学位授予单位】：上海海运学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：D996
本文编号：2462608
[Abstract]:The bill of lading plays a very important role in international trade, especially in the modern document trading system. The construction of the bill of lading legal system is far beyond the link of carriage by sea. play The security barrier of the normal function of the bill of lading. In the commercial sea, the bill of lading is specified, but compared with the need of the bill of lading practice, It is too thin and lacks a forward-looking and guiding role in the international transport of goods and trade. This paper attempts to re-view the bill of lading with the view of development and to reflect on the traditional theory of bill of lading on the top of the table, lift The Independence of the Bill of Lading and the Securitization of the Bill of Lading 'Rights, and the Exploration of the Perfection of Our Country The general idea and content of the single legal system. First, I think the traditional bill of lading The recognition of the three functions of the certificate of transportation contract and the certificate of real right Of course, the first two are evidence. The function is not the exclusive of the bill of lading, and only the latter one is The proprietary nature of the bill of lading is also the reason for the non-substitution of the bill of lading. In the light of the practical effect of the single in international trade, the author The legal position of the document does not It should be limited to transport documents. Second, the securitization trend of rights is in line with the modern social economy The need for development so that the flow and distribution of resources The Securitization of the Bill of Lading 'Rights it is in response to this trend of development that The bill of lading system is from the tradition to the modern. The bill of lading is the real right for the traditional thought. On the basis of the proposition of the securities and the security right, the paper puts forward several characteristics of the bill of lading's securities: the creditor's right and the right of credit. The coexistence of the weight of the object; the non-conformity; the establishment of power; the circulation; and, in addition, to the administration of justice. in the community Comment on the function of the loss of real right on the basis of the function of proof to point out that such a master There is no legal basis. The other important point of view of the paper is in prison. I'm very concerned about our country. Maritime trial activities. The expansion of the contract is particularly relevant in the field of maritime transport It is clear that the law gives no contractual relationship to the entity with its mandatory means The party's rights and obligations in the relationship of the contract shall not be allowed to avoid such compulsory system in the case of infringement. The arrangement of the parties concerned shall, accordingly, be given to the relevant parties in accordance with the relevant law the status of law . At the same time, the parties are also allowed to select the concurrence of the infringement and the liability for breach of contract. choose, but be strong The limitation of the manufacturing method. In the case of the agency, this paper makes two points in particular. The first is that the ship's agent has not received the carrier's instructions in advance, and the act of no-release is no. All are deemed to be an ultra vires agent;
【学位授予单位】：上海海运学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：D996
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 邱潇可;;美国关于提单的法律性质定位探析[J];法制与社会;2012年21期
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 李幸妍;中日独立董事责任制度的比较研究[D];延边大学;2010年
2 张丹丹;无单放货法律适用问题研究[D];大连海事大学;2012年
本文编号：2462608
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