珠江河口水域有机磷农药水生生态系统风险评价

发布时间：2019-05-26 18:13

【摘要】：通过风险商法和概率风险法评价了珠江河口水域中甲拌磷、敌敌畏及乙拌磷等9种有机磷农药对硅藻、水蚤及糠虾等8种水生生物的生态风险.风险商法评价结果表明,9种有机磷农药混合物总风险商为:糠虾处于高风险中水平,水蚤和摇蚊在中等风险水平,硅藻、牡蛎、鲤鱼、鲶鱼和鳗鱼均处于低风险水平;甲拌磷对风险值的贡献最大,且对每种生物都有影响.概率风险法结果表明,以HC5为参考值评估总风险商时,95%置信水平下的HC5比50%置信水平的HC5保守,50%置信水平的HC5中乐果的HC5最大,毒死蜱的最小;丰水期9种有机磷农药混合物总风险比枯水期农药混合物总风险大,甲拌磷对总风险贡献最大.单一污染物的概率风险表明,甲拌磷和乙拌磷对珠江河口水域中10%以上的生物都有危害;而9种有机磷农药混合物的概率风险表现为:丰水期大于枯水期,均大于5%,说明超过了保护95%生物的安全阈值.
[Abstract]:The ecological risks of 9 organophosphorus pesticides, such as parathion, dichlorvos and phosphorus, to eight aquatic organisms, such as diatoms, fleas and shrimp, in the waters of the Pearl River Estuary were evaluated by risk quotient method and probability risk method. The results of risk quotient method showed that the total risk quotient of nine organophosphorus pesticide mixtures was as follows: shrimp was at high risk level, flea and Chironomus were at medium risk level, diatom, oyster, carp, catfish and eel were at low risk level. Methyl phosphorus contributes the most to the risk value and has an effect on each organism. The results of probabilistic risk method showed that when HC5 was used as the reference value to evaluate the total risk quotient, the HC5 at 95% confidence level was more conservative than that at 50% confidence level, and the HC5 of dimethoate was the largest and that of chlorpyrifos was the smallest in HC5 with 50% confidence level. The total risk of 9 organophosphorus pesticide mixtures in high water period was higher than that in dry season, and methyl phosphorus contributed the most to the total risk. The probability risk of a single pollutant shows that methionine and diphos are harmful to more than 10% of organisms in the waters of the Pearl River Estuary. The probability risk of nine organophosphorus pesticide mixtures was as follows: the peak water period was higher than the dry season, all of which were more than 5%, indicating that the safety threshold for the protection of 95% organisms was exceeded.
【作者单位】：兰州大学资源环境学院;加拿大环境部科学技术局;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(40971267/D010903) 国家人力资源和社会保障部留学人员优秀科技项目
【分类号】：X820.4;X824

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