行政非诉案件执行机制研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 08:18

本文关键词：行政非诉案件执行机制研究　出处：《吉林大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：行政案件强制执行分为非诉行政执行和行政诉讼执行两种。行政非诉强制执行制度,是指行政机关做出行政决定后,相对人(即公民、法人和其他组织)在法定期限内既没有复议或提起诉讼,也没有履行或者完全履行该行政决定所规定的义务,从而由行政机关向人民法院申请强制执行的制度。行政非诉执行是在80年代我国行政诉讼制度的建立和改革开放的发展中逐渐形成的。这一制度经过二十多年的发展,已经成为强制行政相对人履行行政义务(主要体现在行政处罚类行政决定案件上)的重要手段,对行政管理起到了重要作用。近年来,随着我国法治建设的不断完善,非诉执行案件日益增多,但由于这一制度发展较晚,缺乏理论上的研究,加之系统建设的不完善,导致在实践中行政非诉执行模式无法满足需要,各种弊端日益凸显,行政非诉执行运行机制亟待完善。与此相比,域外虽然没有明确的行政非诉执行这一概念,但对于行政非诉执行制度的理论已经比较成熟。域外较为成熟的非诉行政执行模式中,主要有以英美为代表的司法主导执行模式和以德日为代表的行政主导执行模式。本文通过对大量调研资料的概括和整理,从行政非诉执行制度的内涵等理论入手,对这一制度的理论基础、性质界定等深入剖析,学习借鉴国外有效运行模式,找出我国行政非诉制度在实际运行中存在的问题,并提出完善这一机制有效运转的构想,以促进我国行政非诉执行制度的发展。本文主要从以下四方面进行论述,首先,从理论上对这一制度进行剖析解读,结合我国相关法律法规中的概念界定及理论学说,从学理上解读非诉执行制度。参考域外相关理论及模式,对行政非诉执行制度进行初步阐述。其次,通过对《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》的规定及《中华人民共和国行政强制法》等有关法律、法规的规定,对我国行政非诉制度进行分析。结合实践中的调研数据,深入剖析我国行政非诉执行现状,重点研究这一机制在我国运行中存在的突出问题。再次,详细分析完善我国行政非诉执行机制的必要性,即适应行政案件集中管辖规定、保持裁判中立性、提高效率等等。最后,针对我国非诉执行中的实际需要,借鉴域外成熟的经验,提出完善我国非诉执行案件运行机制的对策。
[Abstract]:The enforcement of administrative cases can be divided into two types: non-litigation administrative execution and administrative litigation enforcement. Administrative non-litigation enforcement system refers to the administrative organs after making administrative decisions, the counterpart (that is, citizens). Legal persons and other organizations) have neither reviewed nor initiated proceedings within the statutory time limit, nor have they fulfilled or fully fulfilled their obligations under the administrative decision. In 80s, the establishment of administrative litigation system and the development of reform and opening up gradually formed this system after more than 20 years. The development of. It has become an important means to enforce the administrative obligations of the administrative counterpart (mainly reflected in the administrative decision cases of administrative punishment), and has played an important role in administrative management in recent years. With the continuous improvement of the construction of the rule of law in China, the number of cases of non-prosecution execution is increasing, but because of the late development of this system, the lack of theoretical research, coupled with the system construction is not perfect. As a result, the administrative non-litigation execution mode can not meet the needs in practice, and various drawbacks have become increasingly prominent. The operational mechanism of administrative non-litigation execution needs to be improved urgently. Compared with this, there is no clear concept of administrative non-litigation enforcement in foreign countries. However, the theory of administrative non-litigation enforcement system has been more mature. Outside the more mature mode of non-litigation administrative execution. There are mainly the judicial leading execution mode represented by Britain and the United States and the executive-led execution mode represented by Germany and Japan. This paper summarizes and arranges a large number of research materials. Starting with the connotation of the administrative non-litigation enforcement system, this paper analyzes the theoretical basis and nature of the system, and learns to learn from the effective operation mode of foreign countries. Find out the problems existing in the actual operation of the administrative non-litigation system in our country, and put forward the idea of improving the effective operation of this mechanism. In order to promote the development of administrative non-litigation enforcement system in China, this paper mainly discusses from the following four aspects, first, from the theoretical analysis of this system. Combining with the definition of concepts and theories in relevant laws and regulations of our country, this paper interprets the system of enforcement of non-litigation from the perspective of theory. Referring to the relevant theories and models of foreign countries, it makes a preliminary exposition on the system of enforcement of administrative non-litigation. Secondly. The provisions of the Administrative procedure Law of the people's Republic of China and the Administrative compulsory Law of the people's Republic of China are adopted. This paper analyzes the system of administrative non-litigation in our country. Combined with the investigation data in practice, it deeply analyzes the current situation of the implementation of administrative non-litigation in China, and focuses on the outstanding problems existing in the operation of this mechanism in our country. Again. Detailed analysis of the need to improve the administrative non-litigation implementation mechanism, that is, to adapt to the centralized administrative cases jurisdiction provisions, to maintain the neutrality of adjudication, to improve efficiency and so on. Finally, to meet the actual needs of our non-litigation implementation. Based on the mature experience of foreign countries, this paper puts forward some countermeasures to improve the operation mechanism of non-litigation enforcement cases in our country.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D925.3

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