我国环境民事公益诉讼的原告适格限制——以德国利他团体诉讼制度为借鉴

发布时间：2018-01-16 20:17

本文关键词：我国环境民事公益诉讼的原告适格限制——以德国利他团体诉讼制度为借鉴　出处：《法学评论》2015年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：2014年修订的《环境保护法》如今虽已正式生效,但立法过程中有关环境民事公益诉讼原告适格限制的激烈争论不应随着立法工作告一段落而被遗忘。文章将结合德国利他团体诉讼的相关经验,重新识别、审视原告适格之争背后未解的、甚至被忽视的法律问题。文章将首先关注社会组织原告适格的理论基础,进而从法律人格、法人类型、登记级别限制、活动实绩和能力、以及适格与否的判断方法等方面具体分析我国环境公益诉讼的原告适格限制。一个基本结论是:除了对原告法律人格部分的限制有所不周外,环境民事公益诉讼"过度放开"的忧虑几成伪命题。更为紧迫的需求,应是如何加强符合适格要件限制的社会组织提起公益诉讼的能力。然而,德国环境利他团体诉讼的经验也表明,我国环境民事公益诉讼制度本身存在根本性局限,试图以此弥补环境保护行政监管之不足有南辕北辙之嫌。在此情况下,仅仅放宽原告适格限制,增强社会组织的相关人员、资金和组织能力还远不足以保障制度设计初衷的实现。
[Abstract]:The Environmental Protection Act, as amended in 2014, has now come into force. However, in the legislative process, the fierce debate on the limitation of plaintiff eligibility in environmental civil public interest litigation should not be forgotten as the legislative work is over. The article will be rerecognized in combination with the relevant experience of German altruistic group litigation. The article will first focus on the theoretical basis of social organization plaintiff qualification, and then from the legal personality, the type of legal person, registration level restrictions. This paper analyzes the limitation of plaintiff's qualification in environmental public interest litigation in China from the aspects of activity performance and ability as well as the judgment method of appropriateness. A basic conclusion is that the limitation of the plaintiff's legal personality is not sufficient except for the limitation of the plaintiff's legal personality. The worry of "excessive liberalization" of environmental civil public interest litigation becomes a false proposition. The more urgent need is how to strengthen the ability of social organizations that meet the limitation of appropriate elements to file public interest litigation. The experience of environmental altruistic group litigation in Germany also shows that China's environmental civil public interest litigation system itself has fundamental limitations, trying to make up for the lack of administrative supervision of environmental protection has a different suspicion. In this case. It is far from enough to guarantee the realization of the original intention of the system design only by relaxing the qualification restriction of the plaintiff and enhancing the relevant personnel, funds and organization ability of the social organization.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学凯原法学院;
【分类号】：D925.1;D922.68
【正文快照】： 一、引言随着修订后的《环境保护法》(以下简称《环保法》)于2015年1月1日正式生效,立法过程中有关环境民事公益诉讼原告适格限制的激烈争论1似乎也逐渐淡出了学者的视野。最高法院的统计数据表明,依据现有规定,我国目前具备环境公益诉讼起诉资格的各类社会组织共有700余家。2

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