论疲劳审讯

发布时间：2018-01-20 14:09

本文关键词： 疲劳非法证据排除认定标准侦查讯问法律规制　出处：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：除引言和结语外,本文共分为四个部分。第一部分是疲劳审讯问题的缘起。疲劳审讯的典型形式就是剥夺犯罪嫌疑人的睡眠和休息,而剥夺睡眠和休息在一定情况下也会与其他强制讯问手段相叠加。疲劳审讯否定了犯罪嫌疑人的诉讼主体地位,可能导致虚假供述,是对现行法律规定的实质违反,降低了法律权威。疲劳审讯受到侦查人员青睐,主要是因为社会对“温和”的强制讯问手段有一定接受度,现行侦查讯问法律规制模式存在不足,且疲劳审讯同样能够有效突破口供。解释性文件明确疲劳审讯所获供述应当排除,但没有对疲劳审讯作出界定。第二部分是关于疲劳审讯的实践难题。解释性文件专门规定了疲劳审讯非法方法,但疲劳审讯问题并没有在控辩双方之间形成实质对抗。法院在认定是否构成疲劳审讯时,其主要标准包括是否超过法定讯问时间、是否保障了合理必要的休息等,但法律恰恰没有对讯问时间和必要休息作出明确规定。法律、司法解释中关于刑讯逼供等非法方法的界定不能有效指导对疲劳审讯的认定,主要是因为将讯问时间和外在伤痕所反映的“疼痛或痛苦”相比较存在认知障碍,需要明确疲劳审讯的认定标准。第三部分是疲劳审讯的认定标准。大部分学者认为应当明确疲劳审讯的时间界限,但没有论证这一时间界限与现有司法解释中对“刑讯逼供等非法方法”所作界定间的关系。比较法的经验表明,认定审前供述不可采的主要依据是讯问方法损害了被讯问人的自由意志,而不是它给被讯问人造成了剧烈的疼痛或者痛苦,涉及到疲劳审讯时也没有例外。在我国刑事诉讼中,到案阶段侦查的主要任务是通过讯问获取口供,而侦查机关可以控制犯罪嫌疑人超过48小时;如果看守所的中立性不能得到保障,犯罪嫌疑人进入看守所后侦查人员仍然可以控制其睡眠和休息,这都为进行疲劳审讯提供了便利条件。疲劳审讯即使没有造成如刑讯逼供一般的痛苦,也会因为疲劳所引起的认知能力下降而导致虚假供述,因此,疲劳审讯的认定标准不应当受到“疼痛或痛苦”的限制。应当明确疲劳审讯的时间界限:若没有特殊情况,连续讯问超过12小时,24小时期间内不能保证连续6小时休息的,可以推定为没有保障犯罪嫌疑人必要的休息时间,所获供述应当排除。第四部分是疲劳审讯的防治。仅仅明确时间界限,没有配套机制保障,也无法有效遏制疲劳审讯。应当严格控制到案阶段的持续时间,超过48小时而不能合理解释的可以推定为存在非法取供;应当落实讯问同步录音录像制度,逐步在所有案件中实现讯问的全程录音录像。侦查人员自我疲劳的讯问方式,反映出获取口供途径的局限,需要制定讯问的技术性规范,发挥其引导作用,也需要进一步完善自愿供述激励机制。彻底遏制疲劳审讯等非法取供手段,关键在于落实“不得强迫任何人证实自己有罪”的原则,尊重犯罪嫌疑人的诉讼主体地位和基本权利,并在贯彻“审判中心主义”的大背景下,对侦讯活动进行有效的司法审查。
[Abstract]:In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts. The first part is the origin of fatigue trial problems. Fatigue is the typical form of interrogation of criminal suspects deprived of sleep and rest, sleep deprivation and the rest will be combined with other coercive interrogation techniques in certain circumstances. The suspect denied fatigue trial proceedings subject status, may lead to false confessions, is the essence of law violation, reduce legal authority. Fatigue trial investigators are favored, mainly because there is a set of social acceptance "means the compulsory interrogation of moderate, current interrogation regulation modes are insufficient, and the fatigue trial can also effectively break. The explanatory documents clearly. The fatigue trial received confession should be excluded, but did not make the definition of fatigue trial. The second part is the practice on the fatigue trial problems. Explain the documents specified fatigue illegal interrogation methods, but did not form a real fatigue trial in the confrontation between the two sides. The court in determining whether a fatigue trial, the main criteria include whether more than the legal interrogation time, whether to protect the reasonable necessary rest, but the law just no time and the necessary rest made of interrogation clearly defined. The law, cognizance of inquisition by torture and other illegal methods cannot effectively guide the definition of fatigue trial judicial interpretation, mainly because of the interrogation time and the external scars reflected by "pain and suffering" compared to cognitive impairment, need standard fatigue trial clearly. The third part is the standard fatigue trial most scholars think that it should clear time limit of fatigue trial, but did not prove the time limit and the existing judicial interpretations "The inquisition by torture and other illegal methods to define the relationship between the comparison method. The experience shows that the main basis that pretrial confession is not recoverable damage interrogation methods of the person questioned free will, instead of it to the person questioned caused severe pain or pain related to fatigue trial did not the exception. In the criminal procedure in China, the main task is to get the investigation stage to confession through interrogation, the investigation organs can control the suspect more than 48 hours; if the detention of neutrality can not be guaranteed, the suspect to keep after investigators can still control their sleep and rest, which provides a convenient the conditions for the trial. The trial even without fatigue fatigue caused by such as inquisition by torture General Grievous, also because of cognitive decline caused by fatigue and lead to false confessions, therefore, fatigue trial Standard hearing should not be "pain or suffering" should be limited. Time limit: if there is no clear fatigue trial special, continuous interrogation for more than 12 hours, not 24 hours during the period of guarantee continuous 6 hours of rest, can not protect the suspect presumed necessary rest time, the statement should be excluded. The fourth part is the prevention of fatigue trial. Only a clear time limit, no supporting mechanism safeguard, also can not effectively curb fatigue. The duration of trial should strictly control the court stage, more than 48 hours and not a reasonable explanation can be presumed to exist illegal donor; should carry out interrogation synchronized audio and video recording system, and gradually realize the whole process of interrogation audio and video in all cases. The investigators self fatigue interrogation methods, reflect the way to obtain confessions limitations, need to develop the technical specifications of interrogation, Play the guiding role, also need to further improve the voluntary confession incentive mechanism. To stop the illegal donor fatigue trial means, the key lies in the implementation of "the privilege against self incrimination" principle, respect the suspect's lawsuit status and rights, and the background in the implementation of "the trial center", for effective judicial review of interrogation activities.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D925.2

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