环保组织的环境公益诉讼原告资格研究

发布时间：2018-01-23 20:12

本文关键词： 环保组织环境公益诉讼原告资格　出处：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着环境问题的日益严重,环境纠纷也日益增多。由于环境资源具有公共财产属性,由不特定的多数公众所享用,我国现有的检举和控告制已经难以解决日益增多的社会纠纷,也难以弥补因环境污染、资源破坏而造成的损失。因此亟需建立环境公益诉讼制度。确定原告资格是建立环境公益诉讼制度的首要问题。环保组织基于其保护资源环境的宗旨和公益性、非政府性等特点,作为环境公益诉讼原告具有天然的优势。2009年以来,一些环保组织成功提起环境公益诉讼,为我们提供了实践经验。2012年的新《民事诉讼法》首次规定了环境公益诉讼制度,并承认了环保组织的原告资格。但现行规定是原则性的,导致实践中难以操作,也有很大争议。有必要对这一问题作更详细的规定。此外,基于环保组织自身建设和体制环境等原因,我国环保组织参与环境公益诉讼存在许多障碍。本文以此为切入点,结合国外的成熟制度和相关经验以及国内立法现状、司法实践和学者观点,探究适合本国国情的制度。除去引言和结语,全文分为五个部分。第一部分是环境公益诉讼和环保组织的一般理论,介绍了环境公益诉讼的概念、发展历史、特征及其原告资格的理论基础,环保组织的概念、特征及其作为环境公益诉讼原告的优越性。第二部分研究了域外环保组织参与环境公益诉讼的制度和实践,包括美国的公民诉讼制度和欧洲的团体诉讼制度。美国作为判例法代表,重点介绍了两个由环保组织提起诉讼的经典案例；欧洲则以立法为主,整理了欧洲各国和欧盟的相关规定。并对各国的环境公益诉讼制度作了对比分析,归纳出它们的相同点、不同点以及各自利弊,为我国环保组织参与环境公益诉讼提供借鉴。第三部分考察了我国关于环境公益诉讼原告资格的立法现状。既包括法律,又包括地方性规定；既包括已出台的法律法规,又包括修订中的草案。并对我国立法发展进程作总结,找出争议焦点。第四部分考察了我国由环保组织提起环境公益诉讼的司法实践。根据被告不同,分为环境民事公益诉讼和环境行政公益诉讼,选取了不同案由、不同性质的典型案例,对我国的司法现状作小结。最后一部分是本文的重点,对我国环保组织作为环境公益诉讼的原告资格作了构想。首先介绍了我国环保组织目前的发展状况以及学界对于环保组织作为环境公益诉讼原告的不同观点。结合国内外经验教训,对各观点作了评价,并提出本文的观点,包括设置环保组织参与环境公益诉讼的具体条件和修正我国现行社会组织管理制度两部分。希望能够对我国环境公益诉讼制度的构建提供些许参考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasingly serious environmental problems, environmental disputes are also increasing. Because environmental resources have the property of public property, they are enjoyed by the majority of the public. It is difficult to solve the increasing social disputes and make up for the environmental pollution by the existing prosecution and accusation system in our country. The damage caused by the destruction of resources. Therefore, it is urgent to establish the environmental public interest litigation system. To determine the plaintiff's qualification is the most important issue in the establishment of the environmental public interest litigation system. Environmental protection organizations based on the purpose of protecting resources and environment and public welfare. Since 2009, some environmental protection organizations have successfully brought environmental public interest litigation. In 2012, the new Civil procedure Law stipulated the environmental public interest litigation system for the first time, and recognized the plaintiff qualification of the environmental protection organization. It is also controversial that it is difficult to operate in practice. It is necessary to make more detailed provisions on this issue. In addition, based on the construction of environmental protection organizations and the institutional environment and other reasons. There are many obstacles for environmental protection organizations to participate in environmental public interest litigation in our country. This paper takes this as the starting point, combines the mature system and relevant experience of foreign countries and the current situation of domestic legislation, judicial practice and scholars' viewpoint. Apart from the introduction and conclusion, the paper is divided into five parts. The first part is the general theory of environmental public interest litigation and environmental organizations, introduced the concept of environmental public interest litigation, development history. Characteristics and the theoretical basis of plaintiff qualification, the concept of environmental protection organizations, characteristics and their advantages as plaintiffs of environmental public interest litigation. The second part studies the system and practice of extra-territorial environmental organizations participating in environmental public interest litigation. As the representative of case law, the United States, as the representative of case law, focuses on introducing two classic cases of litigation by environmental protection organizations, including the civil litigation system in the United States and the group action system in Europe. In Europe, legislation is the main part, and the relevant regulations of European countries and the European Union are sorted out. The environmental public interest litigation system of each country is compared and analyzed, and their similarities, differences and advantages and disadvantages are summed up. The third part examines the legislation status quo of plaintiff qualification in environmental public interest litigation in China, including both laws and local regulations. It includes both the existing laws and regulations, as well as the revised draft, and summarizes the legislative development process of our country. To find out the focus of the dispute. Part 4th examines the judicial practice of environmental public interest litigation initiated by environmental protection organizations in China. According to the different defendants, it is divided into environmental civil public interest litigation and environmental administrative public interest litigation. Different characteristics of typical cases, the status of our country's judicial summary. The last part is the focus of this article. This paper conceive the qualification of environmental protection organization as plaintiff of environmental public interest litigation in our country. Firstly, it introduces the current development of environmental protection organization in our country and the different viewpoints of academic circles on environmental protection organization as plaintiff of environmental public interest litigation. In line with domestic and foreign experience and lessons. The views are evaluated and the viewpoints of this paper are put forward. It includes two parts: setting up the specific conditions for environmental protection organizations to participate in environmental public interest litigation and revising the current management system of social organizations in China, hoping to provide some reference for the construction of environmental public interest litigation system in China.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.68;D925.1

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