未成年人犯罪记录封存制度问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 18:19

本文关键词： 未成年人犯罪记录封存制度未成年前科消灭制度法律衔接　出处：《天津师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：有贵州省黔南州瓮安县"6.28"事件与李天一案件造成的巨大影响,引起了社会各阶层对未成年人犯罪案件的关注。尤其是司法界关于如何审判未成年人案件,既能够让未成年犯罪人得到应有的惩罚,又能够帮助他们重新融入社会,产生了激烈的讨论。随着一系列关于未成年人犯罪应该如何处理文件的出台以及一些地区的司法实务部门对未成年人违法与轻罪的消除制度进行实践探索之后,新《刑事诉讼法》从中汲取经验,本着"教育、感化、挽救"方针是我国刑事立法与政策一贯强调的办理未成年人刑事案件应当遵守的基本准则,规定了未成年犯罪记录封存制度。第275条规定:"犯罪的时候不满18周岁,被判处5年有期徒刑以下刑罚的,应当对相关犯罪记录予以封存。犯罪记录封存的,不得向任何单位和个人提供,但司法机关为办案需要或者有关单位根据国家规定进行查询的除外。依法进行查询的单位,应当对被封存的犯罪记录情况予以保密。"此制度虽然较之前相比已经有了很大的进步,但从制度本身及与其他国家的制度相比较还是具有很多缺陷。本文首先介绍立法背景与试点取得的一些经验,从而引出未成年犯罪记录封存制度的产生。再对未成年犯罪记录封存制度的概念进行介绍,在法律体系中与刑法、刑事诉讼法、民事、行政法中相关的法条进行分析,并研究我国司法实践中对未成年犯罪记录封存制度的运用,发现未成年犯罪记录封存制度的存在各部门法条之间不能衔接的缺陷以及在实际操作中程序混乱的问题。再研究国外法律对未成年犯罪记录的规定,例如:大陆法系中德国与法国与此制度相关的法条,与英美法系中美国、英国与此制度相关的法条。并与我国未成年犯罪记录封存制度进行比较,来分析我国此制度造成缺陷的原因以及哪些关于此制度的国外法律是可以移植到本国的。最后,针对以上内容,进行分析,了解其缺陷,再提出几点建议来弥补未成年人犯罪记录封存制度的缺陷。完善我国未成年人犯罪记录封存制度并为以后的未成年前科消灭制度打下良好的基础。
[Abstract]:There is the "6.28" incident in Weng'an County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province, and the huge impact caused by Li Tianyi's case. It has aroused the attention of all social strata on juvenile delinquency cases, especially on how to try juvenile cases in the judicial field, which can not only make juvenile offenders get due punishment. And can help them reintegrate into society. With a series of juvenile delinquency how to deal with the introduction of documents and judicial practice departments in some regions of the elimination of juvenile delinquency and misdemeanor system after the practice of exploration. The new Criminal procedure Law draws experience from it and is based on the policy of "Education, Correction and Rescue", which is the basic principle that our criminal legislation and policy should always emphasize in handling juvenile criminal cases. Article 275 states: "if the crime is committed at the time of the offence, it is under the age of 18 and is sentenced to imprisonment of not more than five years." The relevant criminal records shall be sealed up. Where the criminal records are sealed up, they may not be provided to any unit or individual. Except where the judicial organ needs to handle a case or the units concerned carry out inquiries in accordance with the provisions of the state, the units conducting inquiries according to law. Sealed criminal records should be kept confidential... "this system, although much better than before. But from the system itself and compared with the system of other countries there are still many defects. Firstly, this paper introduces the legislative background and some experience gained from the pilot project. It also introduces the concept of juvenile criminal record sealing system in the legal system, criminal law, criminal procedure law, civil law. This paper analyzes the relevant articles of administrative law and studies the application of the system of sealing and keeping juvenile criminal records in the judicial practice of our country. Found the existence of juvenile criminal records seal system between the various departments can not link up between the defects and in the actual operation of the problem of confusion. Then study the provisions of foreign laws on juvenile criminal records. For example: in the civil law system, Germany and France are related to this system, and the United States and the United Kingdom in the common law system are related to this system. To analyze the causes of the defects of this system in our country and which foreign laws on this system can be transplanted to our country. Finally, in view of the above content, we analyze and understand its defects. Then some suggestions are put forward to make up for the defects of the system of closing and storing juvenile criminal records, to perfect the system of closing and storing juvenile criminal records in China and to lay a good foundation for the elimination system of juvenile criminal record in the future.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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