实现担保物权特别程序探究

发布时间：2018-02-01 12:03

本文关键词： 实现担保物权特别程序立法沿革问题建议　出处：《云南财经大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：担保物权制度作为民商法上的一项重要制度,对于规范市场经济秩序,保障市场交易安全,促进社会经济发展,具有其他制度不可替代的作用。我国实现担保物权的相关规定,主要体现在《民法通则》、《担保法》、《合同法》、《物权法》及《民事诉讼法》之中。在实体法方面,《物权法》第16章“抵押权”第195条,为抵押权人指明了实现权利的两种途径:一种是与抵押人协议以抵押财产折价或者以拍卖、变卖该抵押财产所得的价款优先受偿;另一种是协议不成抵押权人可以请求人民法院拍卖、变卖抵押财产。虽然《物权法》为担保物权人通过非诉方式实现担保物权提供了实体法上的直接依据,但由于缺乏程序法上的配套规定,因而在司法实践中较难实现。因此,在新的《民事诉讼法》生效之前,债权人实现担保物权一般是先向人民法院提起诉讼,获得生效判决后再向法院申请强制执行。因这种途径程序复杂且过程漫长,使得债权人的维权成本较高,既不利于保护债权人的合法利益,还会造成社会资源及司法资源的极大浪费。2012年修改后的《民事诉讼法》“特别程序”中,单独增设了“实现担保物权案件”,首次在程序法上明确了以非诉方式实现担保物权的新途径,为担保物权人通过非诉方式提供了程序法上的支持,保障了当事人以低消耗、高效率实现担保物权,这是担保物权制度发挥效用的直接体现。新《民事诉讼法》对担保物权实现所做的程序规定,实现了程序法与实体法的有机衔接,完成了由诉讼程序向非讼程序的重大转变,是一项重要的制度创新。由于新法对实现担保物权非讼程序的规定过于原则,可操作性不强,加之实践中长期形成的以诉讼方式实现担保物权的固有思维方式和操作方法,致使对该程序的理解与适用存在诸多的意见,一定程度上造成了司法适用的混乱。因司法实践中无先例可资借鉴,实现程序仍然存在着诸多难题和困惑,故应加强立法修改和不断完善。本文结合修改后的《民事诉讼法》及其司法解释有关规定,以及近年来学界对实现担保物权特别程序的研究,对存在争议的问题进行归纳和总结,并以我国担保物权实现程序实务中出现的问题为研究对象,阐述实现担保物权特别程序的法律属性,分析担保物权实现制度的发展状况,同时结合实践案例与国外相关立法的规定,指出我国实现担保物权程序存在的不足,并就如何完善担保物权实现程序进行有关探讨。
[Abstract]:As an important system in civil and commercial law, the system of security interest is helpful to standardize the order of market economy, ensure the security of market transaction and promote the development of social economy. It has the irreplaceable function of other systems. The relevant provisions of our country to realize the real right of security are mainly embodied in the General principles of Civil Law, the guarantee Law, and the contract Law. In the "property Law" and the "Civil procedure Law". In the substantive law, Chapter 16, "Mortgage", article 195. Two ways for mortgagee to realize their rights are pointed out: one is that the mortgagors agree to discount the mortgaged property or auction to sell the mortgaged property, and the proceeds from the sale of the mortgaged property are given priority to be repaid; The other is that the non-mortgagee may request the people's court to auction and sell the mortgaged property. Although the Real right Law provides a direct basis in substantive law for the secured real right to realize through non-litigation. However, due to the lack of supporting provisions on the procedural law, it is difficult to achieve in judicial practice. Therefore, before the new Civil procedure Law comes into effect, the creditor usually brings a lawsuit to the people's court first to realize the security interest. Obtain effective judgment and then apply to the court for enforcement. Because of the complexity and long process of this way, the creditor's rights protection costs are high, which is not conducive to the protection of the legitimate interests of creditors. In 2012, the "special procedures" in the revised "Civil procedure Law", a separate addition of "the realization of security interest cases". For the first time, it clarifies the new way to realize the security right in the procedural law, provides the support of the procedure law for the security real right person through the non-lawsuit way, and guarantees the parties to realize the security right with low consumption and high efficiency. This is the direct embodiment of the effectiveness of the security real right system. The new Code of Civil procedure provides for the realization of the real right of security, and realizes the organic connection between the procedural law and the substantive law. It is an important institutional innovation to complete the significant transformation from litigation procedure to non-litigation procedure. Because the new law has too much principle to realize the non-litigation procedure of security interest, it is not operable. In addition, there are many opinions on the understanding and application of the procedure because of the inherent mode of thinking and operation of realizing the real right of security in the way of litigation, which has been formed for a long time in practice. To some extent caused the confusion of judicial application. Because there is no precedent for reference in judicial practice, there are still many difficulties and puzzles in realizing procedure. Therefore, we should strengthen legislative revision and continuous improvement. This article combines the revised Civil procedure Law and its judicial interpretation of the relevant provisions, as well as the academic community in recent years on the realization of special procedures for security interests. This paper sums up and summarizes the controversial issues and discusses the legal attributes of the special procedures for the realization of security real rights, taking the problems in the practice of the realization of security real rights in our country as the research object. This paper analyzes the development of the system of the realization of security real right, and points out the shortcomings of the procedure of realizing the real right of security in our country in combination with the practical cases and the provisions of the relevant foreign legislation. And how to perfect the realization procedure of security real right is discussed.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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