刑事错案防范机制的研究

发布时间：2018-02-01 14:10

本文关键词： 刑事错案基本现状发生原因防范机制　出处：《河北大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：刑事错案是在刑事案件中发生的，当今学术界对其的概念的界定存在着多种观点，与此同时对于刑事错案的认定标准也有了不同的观点和看法。刑事诉讼制度设立是为了保障刑法的正确实施而刑法中的刑罚是对犯罪人使用的限制或剥夺其某种权益的强制性制裁方法。限制或剥夺犯罪人的某种权益,使其遭受一定的损失和痛苦,是刑罚的本质属性。刑罚处罚涉及人的生命、自由、财产和资格等重大权益,从整体而言,是国家对犯罪人实施的最严厉的强制方法。刑事诉讼活动是查明犯罪和追究犯罪的活动,刑事诉讼事关公民的生命和自由两项最基本的权利,这两项权利是其他一切权利赖以存在的基础。在法治国家中,如何保证国家司法权的适度行使,防止国家司法权的滥用,使其不至于任意侵犯公民个人的权利,理所当然成为人们普遍关注的问题。刑事错案一般包括认定事实的错误和适用法律的错误。我们要认识到刑事错案的危害既包括对当事人、国家和社会三大主体的危害也包括对法律本身和司法制度的危害性，也要清楚知道刑事错案出现的原因并对其原因加以纠正。古往今来，形事错案时有发生，比如“窦娥冤”、“佘祥林”等。在现代，尤其是近些年来，在我国刑事错案在司法实践中频频发生，以各种形式暴露在公众和社会媒体的视线下，引起了众多学者和专家的专注和思考。本文通过分析司法现状，以及刑事错案的出现对社会、当事人和法律社会国家的危害，，并将西方国家的错案现状及其应对措施罗列出来从而得到西方国家对我国的错案的启示。追究其根本原因从而得出结论要构建树立以人为本，确定无罪推定、疑罪从无、非法证据排除原则的刑事错案防范机制的基本思路，以建立防范机制、追究机制以及补救机制的措施来减少刑事错案的发生。
[Abstract]:Wrong criminal cases occur in criminal cases, and there are many viewpoints on the definition of the concept in the academic circles nowadays. At the same time, there are different viewpoints and opinions on the standard of criminal error. The criminal procedure system is set up to guarantee the correct implementation of criminal law, and the penalty in criminal law is the restriction or deprivation of the offender's use. A method of imposing sanctions on rights and interests. Restricting or depriving the offender of a certain right. It is the essential attribute of the penalty to make it suffer certain loss and pain. The penalty involves the human life, freedom, property and qualification, and so on, as a whole. Criminal procedure is the most severe method to enforce the crime against the criminal. The criminal procedure is to find out the crime and to investigate the crime. The criminal procedure is related to the two most basic rights of the citizen's life and freedom. These two rights are the basis for the existence of all other rights. In a country ruled by law, how to ensure the proper exercise of the judicial power of the state and prevent the abuse of the judicial power of the state, so that it does not arbitrarily violate the rights of individual citizens. As a matter of course, it has become a common concern. Criminal error generally includes the mistake of finding the fact and the mistake of applying the law. We should realize that the harm of the criminal wrong case includes both the parties concerned. The harm of the three main subjects of the country and society also includes the harmfulness to the law itself and the judicial system. It is also necessary to know clearly the reasons for the emergence of criminal misdeeds and to correct them. Such as "Dou E injustice", "she Xianglin" and so on. In modern times, especially in recent years, criminal miscarriage cases frequently occur in judicial practice in our country, exposed to the public and social media in various forms. Through the analysis of the current situation of the judiciary, as well as the emergence of criminal wrong cases to the society, the parties and the legal society of the country harm. And listed the status quo of the wrong cases in the western countries and their countermeasures to get the enlightenment of the western countries on the wrong cases in our country. Investigate its root causes and draw a conclusion that we should build up the people-oriented and determine the presumption of innocence. In order to reduce the occurrence of criminal malpractice, the basic idea of the prevention mechanism of criminal error is to set up the preventive mechanism, the investigation mechanism and the remedy mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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