民事诉讼中弱势群体的诉权保护研究

发布时间：2018-02-11 06:39

本文关键词： 民事诉讼弱势群体诉权法律援助小额诉讼　出处：《沈阳师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：弱势群体的诉讼权利实现与现行的民事诉讼存在着种种矛盾，由于在经济收入、社会地位、权益维护及竞争能力等多方面存在不足，因而在民事诉讼行为能力上出现了一定差距，不能有效履行诉讼义务及行使诉讼权利，在诉讼上往往处于不利地位。为什么弱势群体在诉讼过程中往往遭遇诉讼程序的壁垒，造成其难以适应诉讼，最终自己的权益无法得到保护？笔者总结了弱势群体的含义和成因，从自然原因、城乡二元户籍制度、信息的不对称、社会身份和社会地位的悬殊差距等方面解释了其形成原因。阐述了弱势群体的诉讼权利实现与现行的民事诉讼存在着种种矛盾，，如诉讼的高风险与心理素质的脆弱性、扩散性与诉讼的高成本和经济利益的贫困性以及诉讼的专业化与法律知识的贫乏性等等之间存在明显矛盾。弱势群体的诉权应得到民事诉讼保护就必须从理论基础和现实意义来分析和阐明。保护弱势群体，实现社会公平，既是法律原则的要求，也是社会和谐国家安定的现实需要；不仅仅是实现形式上的平等，也要实现实质上的平等，不仅是程序上的平等，也要包括结果上的平等，同时也是司法公正的要求。本文还分析了我国现有弱势群体保护的现状和缺失，宏观总结了诉前、诉中和诉讼后诉权保护缺失的表现为行使诉讼权利之偏差、获得法律帮助之架空、接近诉讼之困难、诉讼费用之分担、生效裁判执行之顽疾。微观分析的原因主要表现为法官释明权的缺位、法律援助制度的立法缺失、当事人证据收集权利的弱化等，总结了民事诉讼弱势群体诉讼权利保护中的关键问题和技术难点。最后基于此提出对应制度措施，即在诉前准备程序中诉讼进程中以及诉讼终结后弱势群体的诉权保护，最终制度和完善相应的执行程序。
[Abstract]:There are various contradictions between the realization of the litigation rights of the vulnerable groups and the current civil litigation, due to the deficiencies in economic income, social status, rights and interests maintenance and competitiveness, etc. Therefore, there is a certain gap in the capacity of civil litigation, which can not effectively fulfill the litigation obligations and exercise litigation rights, and is often in a disadvantageous position in litigation. Why is it that the vulnerable groups often encounter barriers in the litigation process, which makes it difficult for them to adapt to litigation and ultimately their rights and interests cannot be protected? The author summarizes the meaning and causes of vulnerable groups, from the natural reasons, urban and rural dual household registration system, information asymmetry, This paper explains the causes of the gap between social identity and social status, and expounds the contradiction between the realization of litigation rights of vulnerable groups and the current civil litigation, such as the high risk of litigation and the fragility of psychological quality. There are obvious contradictions between diffusivity and high cost of litigation, poverty of economic benefit, specialization of litigation and lack of legal knowledge, etc. The right of action of vulnerable groups should be protected by civil action on the basis of theory. Basic and practical significance to analyze and elucidate the protection of vulnerable groups, The realization of social justice is not only the requirement of legal principle, but also the realistic need of social harmonious country stability; it is not only the realization of formal equality, but also the realization of substantive equality, not only procedural equality, It should also include the equality of results, but also the requirements of judicial justice. This paper also analyzes the current situation and deficiency of the protection of vulnerable groups in our country, and summarizes macroscopically the lack of protection of the right of action before, in litigation and after litigation, which is manifested by the deviation of exercising litigation rights, the establishment of legal help, and the difficulty of approaching litigation. The main reasons of microcosmic analysis are the absence of the judge's right of interpretation, the lack of legislation of the legal aid system, the weakening of the party's right to collect evidence, etc. This paper summarizes the key problems and technical difficulties in the protection of the litigation rights of the vulnerable groups in civil litigation. Finally, the corresponding system measures are put forward, that is, the protection of the litigation rights of the vulnerable groups in the proceedings before and after the termination of the proceedings. Final system and perfect corresponding execution procedure.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.1

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