公安机关鉴定人出庭问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-11 18:47

本文关键词： 公安机关鉴定人员出庭鉴定人意见　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：由于公安机关“自侦自鉴”的工作体制,我国公安机关鉴定人出具的鉴定人意见一直饱受诟病,而公安机关鉴定人出庭也是现阶段司法体制改革一个值得关注的问题。根据我国相关法律规定,鉴定人意见作为一类形式的证据,其必须经过质证方可作为定罪量刑的依据。对鉴定人意见的质证是法官审查,核实其证据能力和证明力的法定流程。鉴定人员通过出席庭审过程,回答与鉴定意见有关的事项,使控辩双方针对其提供的鉴定人意见发表质疑,陈述意见,相关人员也可以通过观察、询问、分析相关内容等方式判断鉴定人意见是否可以被采纳,从而确保法庭审查、质询查证、庭审辩论等程序的有序进行。近几年,我国在鉴定人的出庭法律制度上作出了重大改进,但是针对公安机关鉴定人这一特殊群体出庭所面临问题的相关论述较少,且缺乏实证研究。本文针对司法鉴定人相关理论进行阐述,从日常接触的公安机关鉴定人的出庭工作着手,研究其出庭面临的各种问题及原因并提出相应的改进措施。第一部分采用语义分析法阐释了司法鉴定及司法鉴定人员出庭作证等基础理论的内涵。第二部分用理论分析的方法简单梳理了司法鉴定人员出庭的背景及相关法律条文规定的发展历程,从1979年、1996年《刑事诉讼法》开始针对我国鉴定人员出庭制定了相关的法律条文到2012年刑诉法修正案完善了对鉴定人员出庭的规定,其间发布了多种有关鉴定人的出庭的基本内容的相关司法解释、规章制度等。第三部分着重强调司法鉴定人员出庭的各种价值,如有助于推进司法制度公开透明化;是鉴定人员履行法定义务,实现鉴定意见质证的有效措施;是化解矛盾冲突,维护社会稳定的有效手段。第四部分是从本人实际工作经验出发描述公安机关鉴定人这一特殊鉴定人群体出庭所面临的问题:中立性不足,怠于出庭且出庭效果不理想。第五部分就公安机关鉴定人的出庭面临的问题分析其中原因,主要包括公安机关鉴定机构设置不合理,人员相对短缺,且法律素养不够,缺乏专业的法庭知识培训。第六部分则是针对上述问题提出相关的改进方法,包括更改机构设置,出台相关法律条文的司法解释以及加强公安机关鉴定人的相关业务培训。理想的鉴定人的出庭不是一蹴而就的,而是需要鉴定人在不断的出庭过程中吸取不足教训,总结经验,不断完善自身出庭工作。我国的公安司法机关鉴定人员出庭制度还有很长的路要走,期间会面临各种问题,出现许多争议。本文只是从个人实际工作中所面临的一些情况出发,针对其中的一小部分问题进行阐述并发表个人意见,期望本文对公安司法机关鉴定人员出庭发展能有所推进。
[Abstract]:As a result of the public security organs' work system of "self-investigation and self-evaluation", the opinions of appraisers issued by our country's public security organs have been criticized all the time. However, the appearance of expert witnesses in public security organs is also a matter of concern for the reform of the judicial system at this stage. According to the relevant laws and regulations of our country, the opinions of experts are regarded as a kind of form of evidence. The cross-examination of the expert's opinion is the legal process by which the judge examines and verifies his evidentiary capacity and power of proof. The appraiser answers the matters related to the expert opinion by attending the court hearing. To enable the prosecution and defence sides to question and state their opinions against the expert opinions provided by them, and the relevant personnel may also judge whether the experts' opinions can be adopted through observation, inquiry and analysis of relevant contents, so as to ensure court review. In recent years, our country has made great improvements in the legal system of authenticators appearing in court, but there are few related discussions on the problems faced by this special group of experts in public security organs. And the lack of empirical research. This article is related to the theory of judicial experts to elaborate, from the daily contact of the public security organ experts to work in court, The first part uses semantic analysis to explain the connotation of the basic theories of forensic expertise and forensic experts testifying in court. The second part uses theory. The method of analysis simply combs the background of forensic personnel appearing in court and the development course of relevant legal provisions. From 1979 to 1996, the Criminal procedure Law began to formulate relevant legal provisions for the appearance of appraisers in our country. In 2012, the amendment of the Criminal procedure Law perfected the provisions on the appearance of appellants. During the publication of a variety of relevant judicial interpretation of the basic content of experts in court, rules and regulations, etc. The third part emphasizes the value of forensic experts in court, such as to promote the transparency of the judicial system; It is an effective measure for appraisers to fulfill their legal obligations and to carry out cross-examination of appraisal opinions; it is also an effective measure to resolve contradictions and conflicts, The effective means of maintaining social stability. Part 4th describes the problems faced by the special group of authenticators in public security organs from their actual work experience: lack of neutrality, Part 5th analyzes the causes of the problems faced by public security organ appraisers in court, mainly including unreasonable setting of public security organ appraisal organization, relative shortage of personnel, and insufficient legal literacy. Lack of professional training in court knowledge. Part 6th proposes relevant improvements to the above issues, including changes in institutional settings, The introduction of judicial interpretation of relevant legal provisions and the strengthening of relevant professional training for authenticators in public security organs. The ideal judge's appearance in court is not accomplished overnight, but requires the expert to draw insufficient lessons and sum up experience in the course of continuous court attendance. There is still a long way to go in our country's public security judicial organ appraisal personnel's appearance in court system. During this period, there will be a variety of problems and many disputes will arise. This article only starts from some situations faced by individuals in their actual work. In view of a small part of the problems and personal opinions, it is expected that this paper can promote the development of the forensic personnel of public security organs in court.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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