论我国刑事错案责任追究制度的完善

发布时间：2018-02-14 10:16

  本文关键词： 刑事错案责任追究 刑事错案 司法改革 司法公正　出处：《河北经贸大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近几年大量冤假错案的曝光,引起了社会大众对于错案纠正和错案追责问题的高度关注。随着呼格案、陈满案再到最近的聂树斌案等一大批冤假错案的纠正,充分体现了我们国家的追求实现司法公正和司法为民的理念。但是,冤假错案的发生始终让正义蒙羞,同样给司法机关带来的教训深刻。一个被裁判生效的刑事错案,不仅给案件当事人的合法权益带来损害,还使司法公信力和司法权威受到严重影响。在当前我们国家倡导依法治国、依宪治国的法治理念下,建设社会主义法治道路需要司法机关以追求实现司法公正为目标。在党的十八届三中、四中全会上都着重强调了要建立健全错案责任追究制,保障当事人的合法权益,防止冤错案件的发生。刑事错案责任追究制度是司法系统内部一套特有的制度,是在不断深化司法改革的过程中为了加强对司法办案人员职务行为的监督而制定的。设立该制度的最终目的不仅是为了保证司法机关人员的廉洁执法,提高办案质量和工作效率,也是为了防止司法腐败和维护司法公正。但在冤假错案中,司法机关常常以法律的名义,对当事人做出有罪的裁决,结果给受害人带来无法弥补的损害。冤假错案平反之后,司法机关对刑事错案追责并没有达到让社会大众,更让受害人满意的结果。因此,我们的司法机关要引以为戒,好好地反思和考量冤假错案产生的背后存在司法的问题。正是基于这些问题的存在,司法机关应该好好思考该如何更好的完善司法制度来保障司法的独立,真正做到保护当事人的合法权益,惩治真正的罪犯。所以,完善我国刑事错案责任追究制度,已经成为我们国家司法改革的重要任务。本文主要由五部分构成,第一部分是引言,主要介绍本文的选题背景及意义、国内外现状、研究方法及创新点。第二部分是概述,这部分首先对刑事错案的概念和刑事错案责任的概念进行了界定,明确了刑事错案的条件和错案担责的情况,在此基础上归纳出刑事错案责任追究制度的内涵,紧接着又介绍刑事错案责任追究制度的特点和历史发展进程。笔者通过历史研究的方法对我国刑事错案责任追究制度的历史发展进程进行了描述,让我们深刻的认识到该制度深厚的历史背景及发展状况,为完善我国刑事错案责任追究制度奠定了基础。第三部分是问题,该部分主要是对刑事错案责任追究制度现在存在的四个方面的重要问题进行介绍,第一个问题主要是分析该制度现有的法律法规不健全,具体表现为缺乏统一的法律法规和配套的法律不足;第二个问题主要是分析刑事错案责任认定上存在的问题,具体包括刑事错案的认定标准不统一和刑事错案责任主体难确定;第三是问题主要介绍刑事错案追责程序上存在的问题,主要体现在追责启动主体单一,追责机构设置不合理,追责范围过宽及追责程序不透明上;最后就是在司法人员的救济机制上存在的问题。正因为该制度在司法实践运行上存在诸多问题,才需要我们的司法机关好好反思如何完善和构建科学合理的错案责任追究制度,来更好的保证司法的公正和独立。第四部分是完善,这部分的内容主要介绍如何完善我国刑事错案责任追究制度,是针对第三部分中提出的问题来一一完善,也是本文的重点部分。首先需要制定一部统一的法律即《刑事错案责任追究法》和完善相关配套的法律法规如制定《证据法》,为刑事错案的追责提供科学统一的法律依据;其次在刑事错案责任认定的问题上,需要从程序本身和办案人员的司法行为两方面来统一错案的认定标准,另外,需要通过制定统一的责任主体认定法律规范和认定机构,根据公检法三机关办案人员的具体职责来明确错案的责任主体;最后,针对追究程序上的问题,司法机关需要通过扩大错案追责启动主体的范围、设立专门的追究机构、限定错案的追责范围和实现追责程序的公开透明,如设立审查听证制度等几个方面来努力,确保刑事错案追责程序的顺利进行。在这样一个着重强调依法治国理念的时代下,司法机关对法治社会建设起到了非常重要的作用。因此,我们的司法机关应该适应司法改革的趋势,设立科学完善的刑事错案责任追究制度,达到维护我国的司法公正和提高办案人员的办案质量的效果,期待法治和正义成为每一个案子的起点和终点。
[Abstract]:In recent years a large number of miscarriages of justice exposure, aroused the public attention to the misjudged case and misjudged case responsibility issues. With the vocative case, and then to the recent case of Nie Shubin and a large number of correct miscarriages of justice Chen full case, fully reflects our country's pursuit of the realization of judicial justice and the concept of justice for the people. But the occurrence of miscarriages of justice always let justice into disrepute, also to the judicial organs to bring a profound lesson. By the referee the entry into force of the Criminal Misjudged Cases, not only to the parties in the case of the legitimate rights and interests of harm, but also to the judicial authority and judicial credibility has been seriously affected. In the current our country advocate the rule of law, in accordance with the constitution the concept of the rule of law, the construction of socialist legal road to judicial organs to pursue justice as the goal. At the party's eighteen session of third, Fourth plenary session are emphasized to establish. The case of the accountability system, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, to prevent injustice wrong case. The system of investigating the responsibility of criminal cases are internal justice system a unique system, is in the process of deepening of the judicial reform in order to strengthen the judicial supervision personnel handling duty behavior and make the ultimate goal. The establishment of the system is not only in order to guarantee the judicial organ law enforcement personnel, improve work quality and work efficiency, but also to prevent judicial corruption and safeguard judicial justice. But in the miscarriages of justice in the judicial organs, often in the name of the law, to make a guilty verdict on the parties to bring the victim irreparable damage. After the miscarriages of justice in judicial redress no organ of Criminal Misjudged Case responsibility to the public, let the victim more satisfactory results. Therefore, our judicial organs should take warning, good reflection Behind the miscarriages of justice and consideration of the existence of judicial problems. It is based on these problems, think about how to improve the judicial system to ensure the independence of the judiciary and judicial organs should, truly protect the legitimate rights and interests of parties to punish the real criminals. Therefore, perfecting the Criminal Misjudged accountability system, has our country has become an important task of judicial reform. This paper consists of five parts, the first part is the introduction, mainly introduces the background and significance of this paper, the status quo at home and abroad, research methods and innovation. The second part is an overview, this part of the concept first on the concept of Criminal Misjudged Case and criminal responsibility for misjudged cases were defined, clear the Criminal Misjudged Cases and misjudged cases bear responsibility for the situation, summed up the connotation of accountability system of Criminal Misjudged Cases, followed by the introduction of Criminal Misjudged Case responsibility The characteristics of the accountability system and the process of historical development. Through the method of historical research on China's Criminal Misjudged accountability system of the history of the development process are described, let us recognize the profound historical background and development of the deep system, laid the foundation for perfecting the Criminal Misjudged Case responsibility system. The third part is the problem, is the main part of the important issues on the four aspects of the accountability system of Criminal Misjudged Cases now exist are introduced, the first problem is mainly the analysis of the existing laws and regulations of the system is not perfect, such as lack of specific laws and regulations and supporting the unification of legal problems; the second problem is mainly the analysis of responsibility of the Criminal Misjudged Cases. The problems, including the identification standard of Criminal Misjudged Case is not unified and the Criminal Misjudged Case is difficult to determine the main responsibility; third main problems of the criminal case. There are accountable procedural issues, mainly reflected in the responsibility to start the main single, accountable institutions setunreasonable, accountable range and accountable procedures transparent; the last is existing in the relief mechanism of judicial personnel on the problem. Because the system has many problems in the judicial practice operation, only need to our judicial organs to reflect on how to improve and build a scientific and rational misjudgments accountability system, to better ensure judicial impartiality and independence. The fourth part is perfect, this part mainly introduces how to perfect our country's Criminal Misjudged Case responsibility system is put forward according to the problems in the third part to perfect, but also a key in this paper. First of all we need to develop a unified law that the Criminal Misjudged Cases "law" and perfect related laws and regulations such as the formulation of "evidence law", as the Criminal Misjudged Case responsibility Provide a legal basis for the unity of science; secondly in the responsibility of the Criminal Misjudged Cases on the issue, to that standard, to unify the misjudged cases from two aspects judicial behavior itself and the investigators also need through the main responsibility to formulate a unified identification mechanism and identification of legal norms, to clear the main responsibility of misjudged cases according to the specific duties of public security three organ investigators; finally, according to the problems of accountability procedures, the judiciary needs by expanding the scope of misjudged case to start the main responsibility, the establishment of specialized institutions held accountable, limited cases range and achieve accountable procedures transparent, such as the establishment of the hearing system to review several aspects to ensure the Criminal Misjudged Case responsibility the program smoothly. In such an emphasis on the concept of the rule of law era, the judiciary was very important in the construction of the rule of law society. Therefore, our judicial organs should adapt to the trend of judicial reform, the establishment of scientific and perfect the Criminal Misjudged accountability system, to safeguard China's judicial justice and improve the quality of handling the case handling personnel, look forward to the rule of law and justice become the starting point and end point of each case.

【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924;D926
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本文编号：1510473