比较法视野中刑事缺席审判的本土化构建

发布时间：2018-02-19 19:03

本文关键词： 刑事缺席审判本土化构建比较法视野　出处：《南昌大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：缺席审判作为对席审判的例外，在我国《民事诉讼法》和《行政诉讼法中》都有相应的规定，而在现行的《刑事诉讼法》中为了严格贯彻诉讼参与原则,确保诉讼公正,对刑事缺席审判制度未作出明确规定。立法者之所以这样，主要是考虑到刑事诉讼法的特殊性：刑事诉讼涉及到公民的生命、自由和财产权益，相对于行使公权力的公诉人来说，刑事被告人基本上处于弱势地位，，对案件实行缺席审判有可能不利于被告人，破坏被告人利益，从而导致裁判结果不公正。然而伴随着刑事诉讼理论与实践的进一步深入，法官的中立性和公正性不断凸显，对刑事缺席审判制度的绝对禁止开始被动摇。通过研究诸多国家的刑事诉讼法不难发现，刑事缺席审判已经成为了一项较为普遍的刑事诉讼程序。引言部分：对于缺席审判制度，我国刑事诉讼法没有明确规定，当犯罪嫌疑人或者被告人逃跑、死亡或者丧失诉讼行为能力的情形出现，诉讼就必须要中止或终止。修改后的刑诉法增加了犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃匿、死亡案件违法所得的没收程序，解决了部分案件中犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃匿或者死亡违法所得的没收问题，但是该程序未经过定罪程序而直接没收违法所得及其他涉案财产的特殊程序，还存在很多局限性，故笔者的观点是：我国还是应该建立刑事缺席审判制度。正文包括以下三部分：第一部分论述了刑事缺席审判的定义以及特征。综合刑法界三种不同的理解，得出刑事缺席审判的定义和特征。分析了刑事缺席审判直接言辞程序、“缺席”仅适用于刑事被告人、不具有制裁和惩罚性质等三大特征。第二部分，比较法视野中世界主要国家和地区刑事缺席审判的立法、司法现状。从比较法的角度对比分析了大陆法系、英美法系以及我国部分地区刑事缺席审判的立法、司法现状。第三部分，刑事诉讼缺席审判的本土化构建。结合国内缺席审判制度实施状况，探讨我国构建本土化的刑事缺席审判制度的必要性。介绍我国适用刑事缺席审判的案件范围，设想我国刑事缺席审判的程序设计以及刑事缺席审判制度的相关保障机制。结语部分：作者个人认为，对设置刑事缺席审判“度”的把握是最关键的，也是最难的，不是我们简单的几点论述所能妥善解决的，需要长期的实践以及持续的模式，期望我国能够早日建立完善的刑事缺席审判制度。
[Abstract]:As an exception to the trial by default, there are corresponding provisions in the Civil procedure Law and the Administrative procedure Law of our country, while in the present Criminal procedure Law, in order to strictly implement the principle of participation in the proceedings and ensure the fairness of the proceedings, There is no clear provision for the system of criminal trial in absentia. The legislator mainly takes into account the particularity of the criminal procedure law: criminal proceedings involve the life, liberty and property rights of citizens, Compared with the public prosecutor who exercises public power, the criminal defendant is basically in a weak position. The trial in absentia may be harmful to the defendant and destroy the interests of the defendant. However, with the further deepening of the theory and practice of criminal procedure, the neutrality and impartiality of the judge are becoming more and more prominent. By studying the criminal procedure law of many countries, it is not difficult to find that the criminal trial by default has become a relatively common criminal procedure procedure. Introduction: with regard to the system of trial in absentia, the Criminal procedure Law of our country does not clearly stipulate that when a criminal suspect or accused person escapes, dies or loses capacity for litigation, The amended Criminal procedure Law increases the procedures for the confiscation of criminal suspects, the escape of the accused, and the illegal proceeds of death cases, and resolves the criminal suspects in some cases. The defendant escaped or died for the confiscation of illegal gains, but the special procedure for the direct confiscation of illegal proceeds and other property involved in the case without going through the conviction procedure still has many limitations. Therefore, the author's view is: our country should establish the criminal trial system in absentia. The text includes the following three parts: the first part discusses the definition and characteristics of criminal trial in absentia. The definition and characteristics of criminal trial in absentia are obtained. The direct verbal procedure of criminal trial in absentia is analyzed. "absentia" is only applicable to the criminal defendant and does not have the characteristics of sanction and punishment. Part two, From the perspective of comparative law, the legislation and judicial status of criminal trial in absentia in major countries and regions of the world are compared and analyzed from the angle of comparative law, including the legislation of civil law system, common law system and some regions of our country. The third part, the localization of criminal trial by default. This paper probes into the necessity of constructing a native criminal trial system in absentia, introduces the scope of cases applicable to criminal trial by default in our country, and conceive the procedure design of criminal trial by default in our country and the relevant guarantee mechanism of the system of criminal trial by default. Conclusion: the author personally believes that the "degree" of setting up a criminal trial in absentia is the most critical and the most difficult. It is not something that can be properly solved by our simple discussion. It requires long-term practice and a sustained pattern. We hope that our country can establish a perfect system of criminal trial in absentia as soon as possible.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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