论刑讯逼供的程序遏制

发布时间：2018-02-28 15:39

本文关键词： 刑讯逼供社会角色定位单独审讯人制度　出处：《黑龙江大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对于刑讯逼供各国的定义各有不同,从身体暴力到精神压制,然而最容易被学者忽视的是刑讯逼供背后强大侦查机关与弱小犯罪嫌疑人的严重不对等。正是这种不对等地位无形中鼓励侦查人员不择手段的侦破案件,在另一方面对犯罪嫌疑人形成巨大的心理压制。造成这种现象的原因多种多样,即有法社会学领域的角色定位因素又有法律文化的长期偏见影响。这些内在因素加上我国现有刑事诉讼法律中保护犯罪嫌疑人的相关法律原则的缺失等外在因素共同作用导致我国的刑讯逼供泛滥成灾,冤假错案接连发生。同时讼诉程序的不健全造成我国绝大多数因刑讯逼供造成的冤案只能够被害人复活和真凶出现才能得到平反,在普通的刑事案件中刑讯逼供的几率也是非常之高。刑讯逼供的根本原因是人类内部对犯罪与正义的严格界限划分和尖刻对立,以及由此而来的正义对犯罪的超然凌驾地位造成的。遏制刑讯逼供既要改变现有的法律制度设计,又要打破传统社会文化观念,标本兼治,科学的制定刑事诉讼法律。刑讯逼供是指在审讯过程中,一国的刑事侦查机关利用法律所赋予的特殊身份地位强力加诸于一国国民精神和肉体上的痛苦,以最终换取相关的案件信息的行为。关于刑讯逼供在世界范围内各种领域都有研究,现实中刑讯逼供在各个国家都有发生说明刑讯逼供不只是历史问题也是一个国际问题。2014年刑讯逼供又一次进入公众视野,先是美国参议院情报委员会公布报告,首次官方讲述中央情报局特工对涉恐嫌疑人的刑讯逼供情况。接着2014年12月15日,内蒙古自治区高院再审判决宣告被告人呼格吉勒图无罪,并启动追责程序和国家赔偿。面对如此反复发作又难以消除的刑诉顽疾,刑讯逼供的遏制还需要从程序入手,除去刑讯逼供的生存土壤。这就需要转变观念,对刑事犯罪发生的客观原因进行调查整理,以消除对犯罪的仇视心理。同时打破原有的诉讼侦查体系,建立单独审讯人制度和证据不足追踪制度,从法律制度上把侦查审讯人员的权力进行弱化最终消除刑讯逼供。
[Abstract]:The definitions of torture vary from physical violence to mental repression. However, what is most likely to be ignored by scholars is the serious inequity between the powerful investigative organs behind the extortion of confessions by torture and the small criminal suspects. It is precisely this unequal position that invisibly encourages investigators to solve cases by any means whatsoever. On the other hand, there is a tremendous psychological repression of criminal suspects. There are various reasons for this phenomenon. These internal factors as well as the lack of relevant legal principles of protecting suspects in the existing criminal procedure law in our country are external factors such as the role orientation factors in the field of sociology of law and the long-term prejudice of legal culture. The joint action led to the flood of torture in our country. At the same time, the imperfect litigation procedure has caused most of the injustice cases caused by torture to be rehabilitated only by the resurrection of the victim and the appearance of the true culprit. In ordinary criminal cases, the probability of extorting confessions by torture is also very high. The fundamental reason for extorting confessions by torture is the strict division and sharp opposition between crime and justice within human beings. As a result of this, justice gives rise to the transcendent status of crime. To curb extortion by torture, we should not only change the design of the existing legal system, but also break the traditional social and cultural concepts and deal with both the root and the root of the crime. In the process of interrogation, the criminal investigation organs of a country make use of the special status given by law to impose on the mental and physical suffering of the national of a country. The act of eventually exchanging relevant case information. There have been studies on extorting confessions by torture in various fields around the world. In reality, extortion of confessions by torture has taken place in various countries, indicating that extorting confessions by torture is not only a historical issue but also an international issue. On 2014, extorting confessions by torture once again entered public view. First, the US Senate Intelligence Committee released a report. For the first time, the official narration of a confession by CIA agents against a terrorist suspect was made. Then, on December 15th 2014, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous region High Court retried and acquitted the accused, Huugjilt. In the face of such repeated and intractable criminal complaints, the containment of extorting confessions by torture still needs to start with procedures to remove the survival soil of torture. This requires a change of concept. The objective reasons for the occurrence of criminal crimes are investigated and sorted out in order to eliminate the hate psychology of crimes. At the same time, the original system of lawsuit investigation is broken, and the system of individual interrogators and insufficient evidence tracing is established. From the legal system, the power of investigators will be weakened and the extortion of confessions by torture will be eliminated.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D925.2

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