司法鉴定人民事法律责任的研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 21:36

本文关键词： 司法鉴定人民事责任侵权责任　出处：《广西大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当前,我国法制建设不断深入,社会法制化进程不断推进。随着科学技术的发展和进步,近年来在法庭的案件审理过程中,需要运用专门知识和专业技能解决纠纷、解答疑点的案件越来越多,因此司法鉴定在法庭中被广泛运用,司法鉴定人,这一特殊主体也逐渐为大众熟知。司法鉴定人是司法鉴定活动的直接实施者,以自己在某一领域的专业知识对涉案人或事物进行鉴定,对于鉴定活动的造作拥有一定的自主权。为避免权利的滥用,对于权利的运行过程必须进行严格监督,但在目前的司法实践中,立法并未对司法鉴定人的民事法律责任作出明确的规定,对司法鉴定人的约束机制并不完善。近年来,司法鉴定人因其不当行为被当事人起诉的案件开始增多,要求司法鉴定人承担相应民事责任的诉求引起社会关注。为了保护当事人的合法权益,同时也为了维护法律的公平正义,有必要对我国司法鉴定人的民事法律责任进行研究。本文通过对英美法系和大陆法系国家的司法鉴定人制度和民事责任比较研究,明确了我国司法鉴定人的性质和特征,并且结合司法实践,界定了鉴定人的资格资质和选任;在法律上对司法鉴定人的民事法律责任加以规范,认为司法鉴定人应当承担的责任为侵权责任,探讨了司法鉴定人侵权责任的归责原则为过错责任原则;在举证责任上考虑到由于存在“信息不对称”的情形,让当事人举证证明鉴定人的过错非常困难,认为司法鉴定人在民事责任上适用举证责任的倒置规则;排除司法鉴定人的一般过失,只对其故意或重大过失情况下发生的损害要求承担赔偿责任;在抗辩事由上,结合司法鉴定人的工作性质,讨论了包括科学技术及认识的局限性、受害人自身的过错以及第三人过错等方面为司法鉴定人免责或减轻责任的抗辩事由;在立法和责任保险制度上对司法鉴定制度的完善作出了相关建议。
[Abstract]:With the development and progress of science and technology, in recent years, we need to use specialized knowledge and professional skills to solve disputes in court cases. There are more and more cases to answer the doubts, so the judicial expertise is widely used in the court. The special subject, the judicial expert, is also gradually known to the public. The judicial expert is the direct executor of the judicial expertise. In order to avoid abuse of rights, it is necessary to exercise strict supervision over the operation of rights in order to identify the persons or things involved in a case with their own professional knowledge in a certain field, and to have a certain degree of autonomy over the pretence of identification activities. However, in the current judicial practice, the legislation has not made a clear provision on the civil legal liability of the judicial expert, and the restraint mechanism for the judicial expert is not perfect. The cases of judicial connoisseurs being prosecuted by the parties for their misconduct have begun to increase, and the demand for the judicial experts to bear the corresponding civil liability has aroused social concern. In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, At the same time, in order to maintain the fairness and justice of law, it is necessary to study the civil legal liability of judicial connoisseurs in our country. This paper clarifies the nature and characteristics of judicial connoisseurs in our country, and defines the qualification and selection of experts in combination with judicial practice, and regulates the civil legal liability of judicial connoisseurs in the law. The author thinks that the liability of judicial connoisseur should be tort liability, probes into the principle that the liability of judicial connoisseur's tort liability is the principle of fault liability, and takes into account the existence of "information asymmetry" in the burden of proof. It is very difficult for the parties to prove the fault of the authenticator by holding that the inversion rule of the burden of proof shall be applied to the civil liability of the judicial expert, and that the general fault of the expert shall be excluded. To assume liability for damages arising only from intentional or gross negligence, and to discuss the limitations, including science and technology and understanding, in relation to defences and the nature of the work of judicial experts, The fault of the victim and the fault of the third party are the defense reasons of the judicial expert's exemption or the lightening of the liability, and some suggestions are made on the perfection of the judicial identification system in the legislation and the liability insurance system.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D918.9;D925.1

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