我国人民陪审员的独立性保障机制完善研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 14:53

本文选题：人民陪审员　切入点：独立性　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：陪审制度自移植至我国之后,其发展历程可谓是跌宕起伏。及至今日,人民陪审员制度已经成为我国司法制度的重要组成部分,是人民参与司法的主要途径。然而,一直以来,人民陪审员制度的实践状况却不容乐观,"陪而不审,审而不判"的现象普遍存在,导致陪审制价值无法充分实现,甚至人民陪审员被认为只是庭审活动的外观摆设。纵观我国的立法和司法实践,人民陪审员的独立性缺失是导致人民陪审员制度沦为"鸡肋"的主要原因。对于人民陪审员制度的完善研究,归根结底是要保证人民陪审员在审判中发挥实质参审的作用,即人民陪审员要独立、完整、真正地参与到审判活动中。人民陪审员的独立性要求人民陪审员的主体地位是独立于法官、法院乃至其他机构的,其参与法庭审判、行使陪审职权的时候不应受到任何因素的干扰,必须仅仅依靠自身的知识积累和生活经验作出相应的审查和判断。人民陪审员的该种独立性体现在各个方面,从选任环节到审判以至评议环节都要求体现独立性,才能体现人民陪审员真正的独立。然而,司法实践中人民陪审员独立性缺失的问题一直是阻碍陪审机制发挥实效的主要成因,人民陪审员的独立性现状不容乐观,严重影响了人民陪审制的本质属性。因此,必须将人民陪审员的独立与法官的独立进行比较,提出人民陪审员本身独立性的涵义和具体内容,并紧密围绕与其独立性有关的制度规定展开丰富的论述,总结人民陪审员独立性缺失的问题和原因,提出完善人民陪审员独立性的建议和对策。从加强人民陪审员自身的独立性入手,使其能够充分、彻底地行使陪审职权,独立发表意见,促进审判活动的顺利进行,实现陪审制度质的飞跃。随着《人民陪审员制度改革试点方案》(以下简称《试点方案》)和《人民陪审员制度改革试点工作实施办法》(以下简称《实施办法》)的公布施行,诸如人民陪审员的选任、参审机制和职权分配等改革措施势必会在一定程度上解决人民陪审员独立性缺失的问题,但是欲建构完善的人民陪审员独立性保障机制,必须继续坚持以审判为中心的改革目标,并重点完善人民陪审员的自身认知、陪审员参审的案件范围、合议庭的评议规则与分歧解决机制、陪审员的阅卷权、对陪审员的中立管理、陪审员履职保障体系等各个方面的内容,以上内容也是本文重点解决的中心问题。宣传陪审理念,使人民陪审员将独立行使陪审职权的理念铭记于心;合理界定陪审案件范围,明确适用人民陪审员审理的案件范围和排除范围,使得人民陪审员参审的案件范围达更加合理,有助于其专注地行使陪审职权,形成独立的陪审意见;明确人民陪审员应当享有的相关陪审权利,为独立行使陪审职权提供便利条件,促进陪审实至名归;建立科学合理的陪审员评议规则和分权机制,促进人民陪审员独立意见的形成和表达;建立中立机构对于陪审员队伍的妥善管理,促进人民陪审员审判地位的独立;提高对陪审员的履职保障,尤其是协调担任人民陪审员与其工作单位之间的关系显得尤为重要。通过有针对性地提出完善人民陪审员独立性的保障机制,促进人民陪审员独立性最大价值地发挥。
[Abstract]:The jury system after transplanted to China, its development process can be ups and downs. Until today, the people's jury system has become an important part of the judicial system in China, is the main way for the people to participate in the administration of justice. However, since the practice of the people's jury system is not optimistic, "accompany without the common instance without judgment" phenomenon, resulting in the value of the jury system can not be fully realized, and even the people's jury trial that was the appearance of decoration. In China's legislation and judicial practice, the people's jury's lack of independence is the result of people's jury system become main reason why "chicken ribs". Study on improving the people's jury system, after all is to ensure that the people's jury trial play a substantial role in a trial, that the jury should be independent and complete, to really participate in trial activities in people. Jury independence requirements of people's assessors are independent of the subject status of judges, court and other institutions, their participation in the court trial, the exercise of the powers of the jury shall not be subject to any interference factors, must rely solely on their own accumulation of knowledge and life experience to make the corresponding review and judge the people's jury. Independence is reflected in every aspect, from the selection of links to and appraisal are required to reflect the trial independence, in order to reflect the people's jury independence. However, in judicial practice, the people's jury independence problem has been the main causes of hindering the effectiveness of the jury system, the independence of the people's jury can not be optimistic about the situation, serious impact on the nature of the people's jury system. Therefore, it must be independent judges and people's assessors independently compared people's assessors which the independent The meaning and specific content, and closely around the independence and regulations of rich discussion, summarizes the problems and reasons of the lack of independence of people's assessors, put forward suggestions and Countermeasures to improve the independence of the people's assessors. Starting from strengthening the people's jury of their independence, so that it can fully complete. The exercise of the powers of independent views, promote judicial activities smoothly, to achieve a qualitative leap. The jury system with the "people's jury system reform pilot program (hereinafter referred to as the" pilot program > > and <) the people's jury system reform pilot work (hereinafter referred to as the "measures for the implementation of measures for the implementation of the report) the implementation, such as selection of people's assessors assessor system and authority allocation and other reform measures is bound to solve the people's jury independence problem to a certain extent, but to perfect the people's jury Member of independent security mechanism, must continue to adhere to the trial as the center of the reform objectives, and focus on improving the people's jury self cognition, jury trial cases, collegial appraisal rules and differences of settlement mechanism, jurors marking the right of management, neutral jury, the jury duty guarantee system other aspects of the problem above, the center is the focus of the publicity. To solve the jury theory, that make the people's jury jury will exercise its powers independently the concept in the mind; the reasonable definition of the scope of the cases, clearly applicable to the people's jury hearing the case scope and scope, the people's jury trial case scope more reasonable, contribute to the exercise of the powers of attention, the formation of the independent jury opinion; the people's jury clearly should enjoy the right to a jury trial to provide relevant, independent exercise of powers of the jury Convenient conditions, promote the establishment of a scientific and rational deserved jury; the jury review rules and power mechanism, the formation and expression of promoting people's assessors independent opinions; establish a neutral mechanism for the proper management of jurors, promote the people's jury trial status of jury independence; improve the performance guarantee, especially the coordination relationship between as the people's jury and the unit of work is particularly important. Through pertinently put forward the perfect guarantee mechanism of the people's jury independence, promote people's jury independence to play the maximum value.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.2

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