我国刑事技术侦查措施规制问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 16:30

本文选题：技术侦查　切入点：权力规制　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：刑事技术侦查措施是一把“双刃剑”,既能为侦破案件打击犯罪提供有效手段,也可能侵害当事人权利,甚至影响整个公民社会的稳定,并已有先例可循。我国作为现代法治国家,理应坚守刑事司法制度的权力制约和权利保障的基本原则,特别是对于我国这种具有“重刑主义”“侦查便利主义”传统的国家,对侦查权力尤其是技术侦查措施使用的制约尤为重要。我国刑事诉讼立法虽然专节规定了技术侦查措施,但是由于规定过于原则、模糊,相关司法解释性文件也没有作出具体、细致、统一的规定,技术侦查措施的范围、程序、后果等问题规定不够全面,当事人权利保障的规定缺失,没有形成完整的技术侦查制度,实践中对技术侦查措施使用和运行的规制不到位,造成了侦查权力不受制约、相对人权利得不到有效保障的不利局面,有必要予以深入研究,进而填补技术侦查措施规制制度的“缺漏”。本文着眼完善技术侦查立法,深入分析现有规则和实践问题,提出相对完整的制度构想,主要包括三部分。第一部分从国内外立法和相关理论研究的对比分析,厘清技术侦查措施的概念,进而从秘密性、技术性、强制性、顺向性等方面阐述了技术侦查的特征,并以此为基点对其分类进行了探讨。第二部分对我国刑事技术侦查制度进行了评述,结合国内外立法、司法实践和理论研究,从技术侦查措施的条件、范围、对象以及运行程序、监督制约、权利保障等方面全面梳理技术侦查规制方面存在的主要问题,特别指明了立法的不合理和空白之处。第三部分从系统设计规制制度的角度,提出了必须贯彻的正当程序理论、必须遵循的特定原则,进而从技术侦查措施的审批程序、监督机制、证据使用以及权利救济等方面提出针对性建议,对相关实体和程序问题提出了具体可操作的规则设计,尤其是从以权利制约权力的角度,对当事人权利保障问题进行了阐述和程序设计,以期为今后我国刑事诉讼立法构建完善的技术侦查规制制度提供参考。
[Abstract]:Criminal technical investigation measures are a "double-edged sword", which can not only provide an effective means to crack down on crimes, but also infringe on the rights of the parties concerned and even affect the stability of civil society as a whole. As a modern country ruled by law, China should adhere to the basic principles of power restriction and protection of rights in the criminal justice system, especially for a country with a tradition of "heavy punishment" and "investigation facilitation". The restriction on the use of investigative power, especially technical investigative measures, is particularly important. Although the criminal procedure legislation of our country provides for technical investigative measures in a special section, the provisions are too principled and vague, and the relevant judicial explanatory documents have not made any specific provisions. Detailed and unified provisions, the scope, procedures, consequences of technical investigation measures are not comprehensive enough, the provisions on the protection of the rights of the parties are missing, and a complete technical investigation system has not been formed. In practice, the regulation of the use and operation of technical investigation measures is not in place, which results in an unrestrained investigation power and an unfavorable situation in which the rights of relative persons are not effectively protected, so it is necessary to make a thorough study. This paper focuses on perfecting the legislation of technical investigation, deeply analyzing the existing rules and practical problems, and putting forward a relatively complete system conception. It mainly includes three parts. The first part clarifies the concept of technical investigation measures from the comparative analysis of domestic and foreign legislation and related theoretical research, and then expounds the characteristics of technical investigation from the aspects of secrecy, technology, compulsion, orientation, etc. The second part makes a comment on the criminal investigation system of our country, combining the domestic and foreign legislation, judicial practice and theoretical research, from the conditions and scope of the technical investigation measures. The main problems existing in the regulation of technical investigation in the aspects of object and operation procedure, supervision and restriction, protection of rights and so on are comprehensively combed out, and the irrationality and blank of legislation are pointed out. The third part designs the regulation system from the point of view of systematic design of regulation system. This paper puts forward the theory of due process that must be carried out, the specific principles that must be followed, and then puts forward some specific suggestions from the aspects of examination and approval procedure, supervision mechanism, evidence use and right relief of technical investigation measures. The relevant entities and procedures are put forward specific operational rules design, especially from the perspective of the right to restrict power, the protection of the rights of the parties are elaborated and program design. In order to provide reference for our country criminal procedure legislation to construct the perfect technical investigation regulation system in the future.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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