法官刑事诉讼指挥权研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 21:27

本文选题：刑事诉讼　切入点：法官　出处：《内蒙古大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：法官是认定案件事实和做出终局裁判的唯一主体,也是指挥和引导庭审活动顺畅推进的唯一主体。法官通过运用刑事诉讼指挥权来管理庭审秩序,掌握庭审节奏,引导控辩双方的诉讼行为,法官此项权能对于保证庭审活动有序、顺利、高效运行具有不可替代的作用。法官诉讼指挥权兼顾程序正义和诉讼效益两个价值目标,程序正义理论和诉讼效益理论为法官此项权力的行使奠定正当、深层的理论基础。从控权角度论,我国宪法规定,检察机关是我国的法律监督机关,检察机关对法官诉讼指挥权予以监督,出现了监督权与审判权相互对立相互冲突的样态;从护权角度论,应该避免法官指挥权的过度扩大和膨胀,保护被告一方的合法权益,因此,宪政原理中分权理论和人权理念为法官诉讼指挥权的有效行使提供有力的支撑。囿于中国目前并没有系统的、有针对性的规定法官刑事诉讼指挥权,让法官在具体操作中享有较大的自主性,以致出现了法官庭外调查权随意性大、法官释明权不明确化、诉讼当事人救济途径的缺失、检察机关的法律监督权影响法官刑事诉讼指挥权的行使以及参加庭审活动的人违反法庭纪律阻碍法官刑事诉讼指挥权行使等一系列问题。法官行使刑事诉讼指挥权,需要以不违背诉讼指挥权的宗旨为前提,发挥主观能动性和创造性,但是这种能动性和创造性的发挥并不是恣意和不加节制的,让法官真正发挥诉讼的指挥者和程序的控制者的作用,法官需要遵循以下原则:中立原则、无罪推定原则、控辩平等原则和控审分离原则。目前,为了维护当事人庭审权益,促进庭审程序安定、有序,需要从实体方面规范法官的庭外调查权,从权利救济方面赋予当事人对诉讼指挥的异议。为了让法官刑事诉讼指挥权制度形成一个独立、完整的体系,在具体构建这一制度时,不仅需要从该制度的内容及救济方面入手,同时还需要辅以相应的配套措施。证据规则体系明确了证据采用和判断的尺度,避免了诉讼程序的无故拖延,易于法官引导控辩双方围绕争点展开辩论,同时也可以约束和规范法官行使指挥权。证据规则指导司法实践,可以实现庭审活动的有序化、稳定化,构建证据规则体系可从规范证据能力和证明力的刑事证据规则体系和规范证据运用程序的刑事证据规则体系两个方面进行。法官作为行使刑事诉讼指挥权的特定主体,法官职业化直接决定了诉讼指挥权行使的效果。法官职业化不仅包括法官的个人修养、职业操守、专业知识水平,还包括精湛娴熟的诉讼指挥艺术,因此探讨法官指挥权的完善,就需要培育法官的职业化,结合我国的司法实践,需要多措并举,具体包括构建法官员额制度、确立司法责任制、规范法官遴选制度和改革法官绩效考核标准。法官行使释明权,可以实现程序正义和实体正义的协调统一。构建法官释明权需要明确释明权行使的具体内容、明确行使释明权的方式、建立释明权的约束机制。取消检察机关的法律监督权,具有一定的现实意义:一方面,可以使检察人员虚心、认真的听从、接受法官的指挥,法官也不会过多的顾虑检察人员的法律监督地位而怠于对其指挥;另一方面,取消检察机关的法律监督权,可以真正落实检察人员地位的当事人化,真正实现控辩平等。
[Abstract]:The judge is the facts of the case and make a final judgment only subject, is only the main command and guide the trial activities smoothly advance. The judge by the commanding power of criminal prosecution to court order management, grasp the rhythm, to guide the actions of both sides, the judge of this power to ensure the trial activities orderly, smooth, can not be replace the role of efficient operation. The judge proceedings both procedural justice and litigation benefit two value target, the theory of procedural justice and litigation benefit theory for judges exercise this power to lay down a legal theory, deep foundation. From the perspective of control rights, the provisions of our Constitution, the procuratorial organ is the legal supervision organs in China the procuratorial organs shall supervise the judge proceedings, state the right and the right of trial supervision contradictory conflict; from the perspective of protecting rights, should avoid the command Excessive expansion of rights and expansion, protect the defendant's legitimate rights and interests, therefore, provide strong support to the effective exercise of the constitutional principle of decentralization theory and the theory of human rights for judges. China proceedings are not confined to the targeted provisions of judicial criminal proceedings command, let the judges enjoy greater autonomy. In the specific operation, so that the right of out of court investigation judge arbitrariness, the judge's interpretation right is not clear, the litigant remedy lack of legal supervision of the procuratorial organ the right to influence the judge the commanding power of criminal prosecution to exercise and participate in trial activities in violation of the rules of the court judge hinder the commanding power of criminal prosecution exercise etc. a series of problems. The judge to exercise the commanding power of criminal prosecution, to not violate the command of the proceedings for the purpose of the premise, give full play to the initiative and creativity, but this initiative and innovation Creative play is not arbitrary and without restraint, control let the judges play action command and program function, the judges need to follow the following principles: the principle of neutrality, the principle of presumption of innocence, the principle of equality and the principle of separation of prosecution and trial. At present, in order to maintain the rights and interests of litigants, promote the trial procedure stability. In order to judge the investigative power from the entity specification, from the right to relief by the parties to the litigation command objection. In order to make the judge the commanding power of criminal prosecution system to form an independent and complete system, in the construction of this system, not only from the content of the system and relief aspects, at the same time need the appropriate supporting measures. With clear evidence the evidence system and judgment scale, avoid the procedure without undue delay, easy to judge to guide both parties around dispute At the debate, but also can restrict and regulate the judge to exercise command. The rules of evidence to guide the judicial practice, orderly, can achieve trial stabilization and construction rules of evidence system from the norms of evidence and proof of the criminal evidence system and standardize the certificate according to the two aspects of the application program of the rules of criminal evidence system as a specific subject. The judge to exercise the commanding power of criminal prosecution, judges occupation directly determines the effect of the exercise of the right to litigation command. The judge occupation not only includes the judge's personal accomplishment, occupation ethics, professional knowledge level, also includes the exquisite adept litigation command art, thus to improve the command of the judge, the judge needs to cultivate the occupation, with the judicial practice in our country, we need to take measures to, including the construction of judicial system, judicial responsibility system, standardize the selection system of judge And the reform of the judge standard of performance assessment. Judge's interpretation right, can realize the harmonization of substantive justice and procedural justice. Construction of judgeinterpretation need to clarify the specific contents of interpretation right, clear the right of interpretation way, establish the restriction mechanism of the interpretation right. Cancel the legal supervision of the procuratorial organ has the right. Practical significance: on the one hand, can make the procuratorial personnel open-minded, seriously listen, accept the judge's command, the legal status of the judge is not too much about the supervision of prosecutors and delayed in the command; on the other hand, cancel the legal supervision of prosecution, prosecutors can really implement the status of the party and realize the equality between prosecution and defense.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

【相似文献】