任何人不得从自己的错误行为获利——美国“对质权因错误行为剥夺”规则及其启示

发布时间：2018-03-11 22:09

本文选题：对质权　切入点：错误行为　出处：《中国刑事法杂志》2013年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】："对质权因错误行为剥夺"规则是美国联邦宪法第六修正案对质权条款的一种重要例外。该规则虽然源于英国普通法,但经美国联邦最高法院的解读,已有全新内容与意义。该规则的理论基础是任何人不得从自己的错误行为获利的公平原则,其制度功能主要是在保障被告人对质权的前提下,抑制被告人一方妨碍证人作证的行为,保护证人利益。该规则只适用于证人在庭外所作的证明性陈述,且导致证人不能出庭作证的错误行为必须是被告人所实施或基于被告人的明确授权或指示。该规则对于我国目前如何对待被告人的对质权,如何平衡对质权保障与证人利益保护,均具有启示意义。
[Abstract]:The rule "deprivation of pledge by wrongful act" is an important exception to the pledge clause in the 6th Amendment of the United States Constitution. This rule, though derived from English common law, has been interpreted by the United States Federal Supreme Court. The theoretical basis of this rule is the fair principle that no one can profit from his own wrong behavior, and its system function is mainly to protect the defendant's right to pledge. The protection of the interests of witnesses by restraining the conduct of one of the accused parties in obstructing the testimony of a witness. This rule applies only to a witness's testifying statement made out of court, And the wrong act that causes the witness to be unable to testify in court must be the clear authorization or instruction of the defendant or based on the defendant's clear authorization or instruction. This rule is about how to treat the defendant's pledge right in our country at present. How to balance the protection of pledge rights and the interests of witnesses has enlightening significance.
【作者单位】：浙江工业大学之江学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目“刑事证据规则研究”(项目批准号:12AFX010)的阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：D971.2;D925.2

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