论我国刑事再审程序的完善

发布时间：2018-03-12 06:33

本文选题：刑事再审程序　切入点：体制　出处：《河北经贸大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：刑事再审程序是刑事诉讼程序中的重要组成，这个制度的设置主要是为了审判的公平和司法的权威，是在生效裁判作出后，发现其在错误时而适用的。它也是一种非常救济程序。近年来，新闻中公布了一部分冤假错案，这些案件都通过刑事再审被纠正了，大家比较熟悉的其中有佘祥林案、赵作海案和杜培武案等。可见，刑事再审制度的存在，对社会的作用是重大的。但是，这些冤假错案的平反却经过了几年甚至十几年的时间，这些人无疑是幸运的，因为出现了新的证据证明了他们并不是作案人，再审程序的启动也很积极和顺利，在一定程度上体现了法律的公平和公正，但是，这些犯罪性质严重的案件的救济并不是刑事救济机制自身积极作用的产物，而是更多地依赖“亡妻复活”、“真凶落网”等因素。这些案件之所以会引人注目，除了被告人错误地被定罪之外，还是因为它反映出了刑事再审程序在启动等方面面临的很多问题，由此可以看出，我们还会面临一些未知的错案和冤案，所以，对冤假错案的救济就变得十分迫切，而刑事再审程序的目的就是为了纠错，基于此，我国刑事再审程序改革，，是我们面临一个大问题。本人认为要完善我国现行的刑事再审程序必须分析刑事再审程序存在的问题，只有明确问题所在，才能指出该程序改革的必要性和可能性。本文在文章中介绍了一些社会各界关注的案件，分析了我国刑事再审程序存在的一些弊端，针对这些问题，探究症结所在，在深入地了解原因的基础上，借鉴国外的理论和制度并结合我国的实际情况，提出相应的完善建议。本文主要通过以下的内容来进行分析和阐述。第一部分首先是明确刑事再审程序的概念，特征和意义，其次是对刑事再审程序的价值进行分析，首先指出刑事再审程序的程序利益包含的内容，尤其是现代的再审理念中程序利益的重要性，为下文的研究做了一些准备。第二部分主要从刑事再审启动方面指出启动主体、再审案件的管辖、刑事再审事由中的“新证据”、“确有错误”证明标准、刑事再审事由的类别这五个方面分析存在的问题，并提出改进的可能，如在再审启动程序中赋予当事人申请再审的资格，将申诉作为诉的制度来对待，对再审的管辖予以规范；对于再审启动的事由的再造，我们应当进行分类，另外，还要明确“新证据”和“确有错误”的判断标准。第三部分从刑事再审运行的程序角度讨论，其主要内容涉及以下几点：刑事再审程序的运行应当公开透明，要做到程序公正、程序公开，在实际操作中，作出生效裁判的原法院在再审中应当回避，再审的审查可以借鉴国外的做法，交由独立的机构来行使。再审中，也要充分地发挥律师的作用，增强双方当事人的参与程度。第四部分在结合我国实际情况下，提出了一些完善刑事再审程序监督机制方面的建议，要在再审的监督机制中发挥检察院的监督作用，除此之外，法院自身也要不断完善自己，加强自我监督。
[Abstract]:Criminal retrial procedure is an important part of criminal procedure. The system is mainly for trial justice and judicial authority. It is found that it is applicable when mistakes are made after the effective referee is made. It is also a very relief procedure.
In recent years, the news published a part of miscarriages of justice, these cases through criminal retrial is correct, we are more familiar with the She Xianglin case, Zhao Zuohai case and Du Peiwu case. Obviously, the criminal retrial system exists, on the social effect is significant. However, these vindication miscarriages of justice but after a few years or even ten years time, these people are lucky, because of the emergence of new evidence to prove that they are not the perpetrators, the start of retrial procedure is also very active and smooth, to a certain extent, reflects the law of fairness and justice, but the product of the serious nature of the crime cases the relief is not criminal relief mechanism its positive effect, but more dependent on the "dead wife resurrection", "Murderers arrested" and other factors. These cases arecompelling, in addition to the defendant wrongfully convicted, but also Because it reflects a lot of problems faced in starting the criminal retrial procedure and so on, it can be seen, we will face some unknown misjudged cases and unjust case is very urgent, so the relief of miscarriages of justice, and the purpose of the criminal retrial procedure is to error correction, based on this, the criminal retrial procedure reform that is we are facing a big problem. I think that to perfect our current criminal retrial procedure must analyze the criminal retrial procedure has some problems, only clear the problem, to point out the necessity and possibility of the reform program.
This paper introduces some social concern about the case in the article, analyzes the defects of the criminal retrial procedure in China, aiming at these problems, explore the crux, in the understanding of the reason foundation, draw lessons from foreign theory and system and combined with the actual situation of our country, put forward the corresponding improvement suggestions. This paper the following contents are analyzed and described.
The first part is the concept of the criminal retrial procedure, characteristics and significance, the second is the analysis of the criminal retrial procedure value, first pointed out that the criminal retrial procedures of interest included in the content, especially the importance of the modern concept of retrial procedure benefits, do some preparations for the following research.
The second part mainly from the criminal retrial starting points out the start of the main, the jurisdiction of retrial case, criminal retrial in the "new evidence", "wrong" standard of proof, criminal retrial of the categories of these five aspects of the analysis of the existing problems, and puts forward the improvement, such as to the parties to apply for a retrial in the retrial procedure. The qualification will appeal as a defense system to treat, to regulate the retrial jurisdiction; reconstruction for retrial starting causes, we should carry out classification, in addition, to clear the "new evidence" and "wrong" criteria.
The third part is discussed from the angle of criminal retrial running program, the main contents include the following: the operation of the criminal retrial procedure should be open and transparent, to achieve procedural justice, procedural openness, in actual operation, make effective judgment the original court should be avoided in the retrial, the retrial review can learn from foreign practices, exercise from the independent agency. In the retrial, to give full play to the role of lawyers, enhance the participation of the parties.
The fourth part puts forward some suggestions for improving the supervision mechanism of criminal retrial procedure in combination with the actual situation of China. We should play the role of procuratorates in the supervision mechanism of retrial. Besides, the court itself should constantly improve itself and strengthen self supervision.

【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

【引证文献】