“谁主张谁举证”规则的历史变迁与现代运用

发布时间：2018-03-13 06:42

本文选题：谁主张谁举证　切入点：消极事实理论　出处：《法学研究》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在我国对规范说的理论继受和实践继受的过程中,具有实在法依据的"谁主张谁举证"规则遭受了严厉批评。通过统合古典罗马法的两项证明责任规则,优士丁尼时期的法学家抽象出"谁主张谁举证"规则,该规则基于"诉—抗辩"结构分配证明责任。注释法学家将"谁主张谁举证"规则曲解为消极事实理论,但他们完善该理论的方式表现出回归罗马法传统的倾向。"谁主张谁举证"规则在欧陆法典中获得普遍采纳,但"诉—抗辩"结构在主观权利体系下遭到瓦解。规范说是罗马法传统中的"谁主张谁举证"规则的现代运用,因为它的"基础规范—相对规范"结构为"谁主张谁举证"规则提供了新的解释模式。我国证明责任学说应当重构"谁主张谁举证"规则的理论脉络,梳理它与规范说的内在联系,在解释论上化解二者之间的法律适用冲突。
[Abstract]:In the process of theoretical and practical acceptance of normative theory in China, the rule of "who claims to prove", which has the basis of positive law, has been severely criticized by integrating the two rules of burden of proof in classical Roman law. The jurists of Yosdini period abstracted the rule of "who claims who proves", which is based on the structure of "suit and plead" and assigns the burden of proof. The annotated jurist misinterprets the rule of "who claims who proves" as the theory of negative facts. But the way they refined the theory showed a tendency to return to the Roman tradition. The "who stands for it" rule was generally adopted in the continental code. However, the structure of "litigation-defense" has been disintegrated under the system of subjective rights. The norm theory is the modern application of the rule of "who claims who proves" in the tradition of Roman law. Because its "basic norm-relative norm" structure provides a new interpretation mode for the rule of "who claims who proves", the theory of burden of proof in our country should reconstruct the theoretical context of "who claims who proves" rule. Combing the internal relation between it and the normative theory, resolving the conflict of legal application between them in the theory of interpretation.
【作者单位】：中南财经政法大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目(批准号为14ZDC018)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D904.1;D925.1

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