论我国关于通过网络侵害人格权的法律适用之规定

发布时间：2018-03-13 18:27

本文选题：通过网络侵害人格权　切入点：法律适用　出处：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,计算机和网络技术发展迅猛。它们在给人们的工作和生活带来极大便利的同时,也为不法分子实施违法行为提供了新的路径和方式,其中通过网络或者采用其他方式侵害人格权的行为时有发生。此种侵权行为与一般侵权行为相比,对被侵权人所产生的恶劣影响范围更广泛,传播更快捷,严重影响了被侵权人的社会评价,并对被侵权人的工作和生活产生了极为不利的后果。为此,各国新近的民事立法已对此种侵权行为的法律责任作出了不尽相同的规定。而通过网络或者采用其他方式实施涉外侵害人格权的行为,与两个或者两个以上的国家或者法域的法律发生关联,而不同国家或者法域的法律规定不尽相同,有的甚至大相径庭,适用不同国家或者法域的法律对涉外侵权关系当事人的权利义务影响甚大,故此,一些国家或者法域新近的国际私法对于此种侵权行为的法律适用作出了相应的规定。《中华人民共和国涉外民事关系法律适用法》认真审视了当今社会通过网络或者采用其他方式侵害人格权的行为较为普遍这一客观现实,在吸纳国际社会新近的相关国际私法立法与实践的先进经验的同时,于该法第46条对上述涉外侵权行为的法律适用作出了明确的规定。尽管该规定在我国国际私法立法史上具有里程碑意义,表明我国尊重和保障人权的基本立场,但是,该法第46条的规定至少存在如下缺憾:可供适用的准据法过于单一,即仅仅规定此种涉外侵权行为适用被侵权人的经常居所地法律,既没有考虑被侵权人的单方意思自治,也没有兼顾侵权行为地法律,更没有采用被各国相关国际私法广为采用的侵权自体法。有鉴于此,本文以“论我国关于通过网络侵害人格权的法律适用之规定”作为选题,对相关基本理论进行深入阐释,揭示我国关于通过网络侵害人格权的法律适用之规定的立法基础的同时,剖析我国关于通过网络或者其他方式侵害人格权的法律适用之规定的基本特点、主要缺憾,并就如何完善我国的上述规定提出自己的构想,企盼能对我国关于通过网络或者其他方式侵害人格权的法律适用之规定的立法完善有所帮助。本文除引言和结语外,主要包括五个部分的内容:第一部分,分析梳理通过网络或者采用其他方式侵害人格权的基本理论。首先,对人格权的基本含义加以界定。即人格权是指民事主体专属享有,以人格利益为客体,为维护民事主体独立人格所必备的固有民事权利。其次,界定了何谓通过网络侵害人格权的行为。所谓通过网络侵害人格权的行为,是指网络使用者或网络服务提供者因过错或法律的特别规定,通过互联网利用上传、下载、转载信息等方式损害民事主体人格权利应承担相应民事责任的行为。最后,分析了如何认定通过网络或者其他方式涉外侵害人格权的行为。第二部分,阐述我国关于通过网络或者采用其他方式侵害人格权的法律适用之规定的立法基础。即我国的上述规定既立足于国际社会关于通过网络或者采用其他方式侵害人格权的法律适用的立法与学理主张,又立足于我国以往关于通过网络或者采用其他方式侵害人格权的立法与实践。即对于此种涉外侵害人格权的行为主要适用被侵权人的属人法。第三部分,阐述我国关于通过网络或者采用其他方式侵害人格权的法律适用之规定的基本特点。我国对人格权的内容范围作了开放性的规定;将被侵权人的经常居所地法律作为此种涉外侵权行为的唯一准据法,即在采用属人法的同时,对传统的属人法进行了改良,既没有采用被侵权人的国籍国法作为此种涉外侵权行为的准据法,也没有采用被侵权人的住所地法律作为此种涉外侵权行为的准据法;完全无视被侵权人的单方意思自治,即被侵权人并不享有单方选择适用法律的权利。第四部分,对通过网络或者采用其他方式侵害人格权的法律适用之规定的主要缺憾予以剖析。我国的上述规定至少存在如下缺憾:可供适用的法律过于单一;完全无视被侵权人的意思自治;没有适度兼顾侵权行为地法律;没有适度考虑最密切联系原则。第五部分,阐述完善我国关于通过网络或者采用其他方式侵害人格权的法律适用之规定的构想。我国的上述规定应当从如下方面予以完善:应当采用选择适用的冲突规范规定此种涉外侵权行为的法律适用,以增强法律适用的灵活性,从而更便于及时、公正地处理纠纷;应当将被侵权人单方选择适用的法律作为准据法之一;应当兼顾侵权行为地法律;应当考虑适用侵权行为自体法。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid development of computer and network technology. It brings great convenience to people's work and life at the same time, also provides the path and way of the implementation of the new illegal criminals, including through the network or by other means infringement behavior occurs. This tort compared with general tort. The bad influence scope by the infringer has more widely spread more quickly, seriously affected the social evaluation of the infringer, and the adverse consequences of infringement of people's work and life has produced. Therefore, the legal liability of civil legislation in other countries recently has this kind of violations of the provisions of all the same. And through the network or by other means to implement foreign infringement behavior, associated with two or more than two countries or law, but not the same country The scope of law or legal provisions are not the same, some even be quite different, very large, affect the rights and obligations of different countries or applicable law of foreign-related tort parties in some countries or international private law recently for this tort applicable law of the relevant provisions on foreign civil relations law. People's Republic of China > carefully in today's society through the network or by other means infringement behavior is more common in the reality, the advanced experience of legislation and practice to absorb the international latest related private international law at the same time, the law article forty-sixth applicable law of the foreign tort made clear. Although the the provisions has milepost sense in International private law legislation in the history of our country, indicates that China's basic position of respect and protection of human rights, but The provisions of article forty-sixth, at least has the following shortcomings: the applicable law for the applicable provisions is too single, only the foreign tort law applicable by the infringer's habitual residence, which is not considered unilateral autonomy of the infringer, also did not take into account the law of tort, but not adopted by relevant international countries private law is widely used. In view of this tort law, the "Regulations" on the application of law in our country about by internet infringement as a topic, in-depth interpretation of the basic theory and legislative basis under applicable laws in China to reveal through the network infringement of the basic characteristics, at the same time. Analysis of applicable law in China on the way through the Internet or other infringement of the provisions of the main problems, and put forward their own ideas on how to improve the regulations of our country, enterprises The hope of our country about the provisions of applicable law through the network or other forms of infringement of personality rights of the legislative perfect help. Besides the introduction and conclusion, mainly includes five parts: the first part, basic theory analysis combing through the network or by other means of infringement of personality rights. First of all, define the basic meaning the right of personality. The personality right is a civil subject enjoys exclusive, with personal interests as its object, as the inherent civil rights necessary to maintain independent personality of civil subject. Secondly, define the network infringement of personal rights. The so-called behavior through the network infringement behavior, refers to the network users or network service because of the special provisions of law or fault provider, via the Internet using the upload, download, reprint information or other means to damage the civil subject personality rights should bear the corresponding civil liability Behavior. Finally, analyzes how to identify through the network or other foreign infringement behavior. The second part elaborates the legislative provisions of the law applicable in China based on the network or by other means infringement of the legislation. The provisions of China is based on the international community on through the network or by other means the infringement of personality right law and theoretical proposition, and based on our country's legislation and Practice on the past through the network or by other means of infringement of personality rights. For the foreign infringement behavior is mainly used by the personal law tort. In the third part, described the basic characteristics of China's legal provisions on the the network or by other means of infringement of personality rights. In our country the right of personality scope stipulated open; will be infringed often As the only foreign tort law applicable law of residence, in the personal law and personal law has been improved, the applicable law is neither the nationality of the tort law as foreign tort, nor the applicable law is the legal domicile of the infringer as such tort behavior; completely ignored is unilateral autonomy of the infringer, the infringer does not enjoy the unilateral choice of law right. The fourth part, the main shortcoming of applicable law to be through the network or by other means of infringement analysis. The regulations of our country has the following defects: at least for the application the law is too single; completely ignoring the autonomy of the infringer; without a proper balance between the tort law; not appropriately consider the most closely linked to the principle. The fifth part. The idea of perfecting the provisions of applicable law of our country about through the network or by other means of infringement. The regulations of our country should be improved from the following aspects: selection of conflict rules should be used to apply the provisions of the foreign tort law, in order to enhance the flexibility of application of law, to facilitate the timely, fair to handle the dispute; should be infringed unilaterally choose the applicable law as the applicable law of tort law; should take into account the torts; shall be considered.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1;D997.3

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