侦查权的法律控制研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 04:33

  本文选题：侦查权　切入点：法律控制　出处：《复旦大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文旨在从法律角度,研究侦查权的控制。论文由引言、正文和结语三部分组成,正文主要内容如下：第一章：侦查权法律控制的概述。其内容包括侦查权法律控制的内涵解读与侦查权法律控制的价值分析两个方面。具体而言,本章基于一般意义上法律控权的视角,探寻权力法律控制的历史发展过程,在此基础上结合侦查权的内容,对侦查权法律控制内涵进行解读,指出侦查权法律控制主要是对调查取证等侦查行为与强制处分等措施使用进行法律控制,进而合理界定侦查权法律控制的概念与内容,为全文研究奠定基础。通过对侦查权的行政权本质属性分析,以及相对于自由与公正,侦查权运行的价值取向更倾向于安全与效率的考察,指出侦查权法律控制的价值与意义所在。第二章：侦查权法律控制的理论基础。其内容包括侦查权法律控制的基本理念与基本原则。具体而言,侦查权法律控制的基本理念,是基于刑事诉讼的视角,根据刑事诉讼领域内权力控制的“以权力制约权力”、“以程序制约权力”以及“以权利制约权力”路径进行探讨与分析,这些基本理念是侦查权法律控制的指导思想,也是全文论述的主线。正是基于侦查权法律控制的基本理念,结合侦查实务,整理出以上侦查权法律控制的五项原则,具体包括正当法律程序原则、任意侦查原则、强制侦查法定原则、侦查比例原则以及侦查不公开原则。即在侦查权运行过程中,任何侦查行为的行使都必须遵循正当法律程序原则,在程序正当性的前提下,追求真实发现与人权保障的衡平；为避免不当限制与侵害公民个人基本权益,侦查权的实施应尽量使用非强制性处分,即任意侦查原则,例外地,认为有必要实施强制处分限制公民的人身自由、财产等基本权利时,则必须依据法律明确规定的强制处分之种类、要件与程序,取得令状后而予以适用,即强制侦查法定原则：但不论是任意侦查还是强制处分,侦查权的实施必须采取以达到目的所必要之侵害性最小的方式为之,即侦查比例原则,同时应该注意保护犯罪嫌疑人、被告人或其他诉讼关系人的隐私与名誉,即侦查不公开原则。第三章：侦查权的法律控制制度。侦查权的法律控制度是侦查权法律控制实体规范的重要内容。法律控制制度层面的设计,主要着眼于两个方面,其一是权力行使的主体层面,即基于侦查权的行使主体域外考察基础上,对检察官与警察的侦查权限关系进行分析,进而提出诉讼职能一体化,强调检察官对警察侦查行为的控制；其二是侦查权的内容层面,即通过侦查权的内容及其分类的合理界定,指出侦查权的法律控制应指向强制侦查行为与秘密侦查行为,并对部分侦查常用的涉及公民个人基本权利的强制侦查行为与秘密侦查行为进行具体的制度构建。第四章：侦查权的程序控制。本章内容是从程序角度,探讨侦查权的法律控制。一般来说,侦查权的运行过程包括侦查权的启动、审查与终结等重要环节。侦查权作为一种国家权力,具有其他权力所具有的扩张性与侵犯性,侦查权运行的整个过程都有侵犯公民个人权利的可能性,因此,为了防止侦查权的滥用,无论是侦查权的启动、还是侦查权的实施,抑或是侦查权终结,始终应该受到法律的严格控制,必须遵循法律明文规定的程序与规则进行。本章的内容也是围绕侦查权的启动、审查与终结等重要环节展开具体论述的。第五章：侦查权的权利限制。本章内容是从权利制约权力角度,讨论侦查权的法律控制。作为一项国家公权力,侦查权足够强大,个人权利在国家权力面前然地处于弱势地位。基于诉讼主体地位与平等对抗的要求,应加强侦查阶段犯罪嫌疑人自身权利、提高其对抗与防御能力,实现对侦查权有效控制。一方面可以限制侦查权在法律规定的范围内行使；另一方面也彰显犯罪嫌疑人诉讼主体存在的价值。在这一系列保护自身利益、对抗侦查权的权利中,作为对侦查权的限制,犯罪嫌疑人的有效辩护权与保障公民人身自由的保释权,无疑是最为重要的。因此,本章内容主要就辩护权与保释权对侦查权的限制展开具体分析。第六章：我国侦查权法律控制的现状及其完善。本章内容包括我国侦查权法律控制的现状以及存在问题分析与我国侦查权法律控制完善研究两个方面。其一,我国侦查权法律控制的现状以及存在问题。具体而言,我国对侦查权的控制主要采用内部控制为主、以检察监督为辅,以法院、犯罪嫌疑人、被害人等其他制约形式为补充的控制模式。侦查主体内部自行控制较多,外部控制不够,检警在侦查权限关系上定位不准；没有将侦查行为进行任意侦查行为与强制侦查行为的分类,对人与对物的强制处分权没有司法审查机制,强制处分权不能受到有效的法律控制。鉴于我国侦查权法律控制的现状与特点,结合我国的侦查实务来看,我国对侦查权控制不力,法律控制阙如,导致了一些问题的产生。其二,我国侦查权法律控制的完善。侦查权作为一种国家权力,从广义上讲,控制路径与方法较多,本文主要基于刑事诉讼的视角,根据前述第三、四、五章的理论研究,在此基础上借鉴国外侦查权的控制路径与方法,围绕“以权力制约权力”、“以权利制约权力”及其“以程序制约权力”的基本理念,进行具体的实体与程序构建。具体而言,本文着重从侦查权法律控制的实体制度、侦查权的程序控制以及侦查权的权利限制等三个方面探索与完善我国侦查权的法律控制机制。
[Abstract]:This paper from the angle of law, control of the power of investigation. The paper consists of introduction, body and conclusion of three parts, the main contents are as follows: the first chapter: the investigation right of legal control. Its contents include the right of investigation and interpretation of legal control of the investigation right of legal control value analysis in two aspects. Specifically, the based on the general meaning of legal control of power angle, explore the power of legal control of historical development process, combined with the power of investigation on the basis of the content of the right of investigation of legal control connotation interpretation, and points out the legal right to control the investigation is mainly for legal control of the use of coercive measures such as investigation and investigation of evidence, concept and content then the reasonable definition of investigation right of legal control, lay the foundation for the research. Through the administrative power nature of the power of investigation and analysis, with respect to freedom and justice. Check on value orientation of power tend to safety and efficiency, pointed out that the right of investigation of legal control value and significance. The second chapter: the theoretical basis of the right of investigation of legal control. Its content includes the basic concept of the right of investigation of legal control and basic principles. Specifically, the basic concept of the right of investigation of legal control, is a criminal based on the perspective of litigation, according to the criminal procedure in the field of power control "to restrict power by power", "program to control power" and "using right path discussion and analysis, the basic concept is the guiding ideology of the right of investigation of legal control, the main line is discussed. It is the basic idea of the legal right of investigation based on control, combined with the investigation, sorting out the five principles of the above investigation right of legal control, including the principle of due process of law, arbitrary investigation principle, compulsory investigation method The principle, proportion principle and the principle of secret investigation investigation. In the investigation process, the exercise of any investigation must follow the principle of due process of law, on the premise of due process, equity and human rights guarantee that the pursuit of truth; to avoid undue restrictions and infringement of citizens' personal rights, the implementation of the right of investigation should the use of non mandatory sanctions, namely arbitrary detection principle, exception, think it is necessary to implement compulsory measures to limit the personal freedom of citizens, the basic rights of property, you must type the mandatory punishment according to the law clearly stipulates the requirements and procedures, obtained after writ shall apply, namely the compulsory legal principle of criminal investigation: but regardless of any investigation or enforcement action against the necessary to take to achieve the minimum for must implement the right of investigation, the investigation is the principle, at the same time Should pay attention to the protection of privacy and reputation suspect, defendant or other litigant, namely the principle of secret investigation. The third chapter: the legal control system of the power of investigation. The investigation power control law is the right of investigation of legal control of important content entity specification. System level design of control laws, mainly focus on two aspects one is the exercise of power, the level of the subject, which is based on the investigation of the exercise of the right of the main foreign investigation on the basis of analysis of the prosecutors and police investigation authority, and then put forward the lawsuit function integration, emphasize the control of the prosecutor police investigation; second is the investigation of the right content level, reasonable definition of content and classification: through the power of investigation, pointed out that the legal control of the power of investigation should point to the compulsory investigation and secret investigation, and some commonly used investigation relates to the basic rights of individual citizens The compulsory investigation and secret investigation of the concrete system construction. The fourth chapter: the investigation power control procedure. The contents of this chapter is from the view of procedure, the legal control of the investigation right. In general, operation process of the power of investigation includes the right of investigation started, an important part of review and end. As a kind of right of investigation the expansion of state power, and aggressive with other powers with the whole process of the criminal investigation has the possibility of infringement of citizens' personal rights. Therefore, in order to prevent the abuse of the power of investigation, whether it is the right of investigation started, also is the implementation of the right of investigation, or the right of investigation should be strictly controlled always end. The law must follow the rules and procedures of law. This chapter is focusing on the investigation of the right start, an important part of review and the end discussed specifically. The fifth chapter: Investigation Right to limit rights. This chapter is from the angle of right restricting power, legal control to discuss the investigation right. As a public power, the power of investigation is strong enough, the rights of the individual naturally in a weak position in the face of state power. The subject of litigation status and equality based on the requirements, we should strengthen the suspect during the investigation stage in their own right and improve the confrontation and defense capabilities, to achieve effective control of the power of investigation. On the one hand can limit the scope of the right of investigation in the law; on the other hand also highlights the suspect litigation value of existence. In this series to protect their own interests, against the investigation right, as the right of investigation limits the suspect's right of defense and the effective protection of personal freedom of citizens the right to bail, is undoubtedly the most important. Therefore, this chapter mainly on the right of defense and the right of investigation and restrictions on the right to bail Make a concrete analysis. The sixth chapter: the present situation and perfection of the right of investigation of legal control in our country. This chapter includes the present situation of legal control of the power of investigation in China and improve the legal control of two aspects of problems analysis and investigation in our country. It is a right, the right of investigation of legal control in our country and the existing problems. In China, control the power of investigation is mainly used for internal control based on inspection and supervision as a supplement, to the court, the suspect, the victim and other forms of control mode restrict supplement. Investigation subject to control more internal, external control is not enough, prosecutors and police in positioning investigative authority relations; no arbitrary classification investigation and investigation of compulsory investigation, on the enforcement action on the matter and without the right of judicial review mechanism, the mandatory punishment right cannot be effective legal control. In view of our investigation Check the status quo and characteristics of the right of legal control, combined with China's investigation and practice, China's lack of control over the power, lack of legal control, has caused some problems. Second, perfecting the legal control of the power of our country. The investigation power as a national power, broadly speaking, more control and path this paper is mainly based on the method of criminal procedure from the perspective of the third, fourth, according to the theory, the five chapter, control ways and methods from abroad on the basis of the right of investigation, around the "restriction of power by power," restriction of power "and" the basic concept of "restriction of power by the program to conduct substantive and procedural rights, specific construction. Specifically, this paper focuses on the investigation right from the legal control of the entity system, legal control machine to explore three aspects of the power of investigation and investigation program control rights restrictions and improve China's right of investigation System.

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2
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本文编号：1609627