刑事被害人的救助制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 18:17

本文选题：刑事被害人　切入点：国家补偿　出处：《沈阳工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在刑事案件的处理过程中,国家将刑事惩罚的利剑指向充满罪恶的犯罪分子,以此来逐步修复被犯罪所破坏的社会关系、社会秩序和道德标准。但是,由于犯罪分子被判死刑或者较长期限的有期徒刑之后,没有条件或者没有能力赔偿刑事被害人所受的损失,从而使得有些刑事被害人陷入贫困,甚至生活无以为继,并由此产生一系列的社会问题。鉴于这一客观现实,我国刑事被害人救助的实践探索率先从地方兴起,迅速发展,并引起了中央的高度重视,基于“先政策,后法律”的思路,制定出台了政策性文件指导地方的司法实践。因为系统的刑事被害人救助的规范体系的缺失,各省市的司法实践也是千差万别。由于国内学术界对刑事被害人救助的理论研究尚欠深入,对刑事被害人以及刑事被害人救助的内涵定位纷纭不一,也给救助体系的制度设计带来了一定困扰。因而,研究健全完善我国刑事被害人救助制度具有重要意义,而且任重道远。纵观世界各国,域外国家和地区大都通过立法创立了刑事被害人救助制度,规定了具体内容和实施办法,形成了较为完整的刑事被害人救助体系,对我国刑事被害人救助制度的完善具有重要的启示和参考意义。通过借鉴域外的立法和司法实践经验,提出我国刑事被害人救助制度的完善建议,从宏观和具体两方面健全我国刑事被害人的国家补偿制度和社会救助制度,拓宽刑事被害人的自我救济途径,赋予被害人在刑事附带民事诉讼中提起精神损害赔偿的权利,以期对刑事被害人救助的理论和实践有所助益。
[Abstract]:In the course of handling criminal cases, the state points the sharp sword of criminal punishment to criminals who are full of crime, in order to gradually repair the social relations, social order and moral standards that have been destroyed by the crime. However, Because criminals are sentenced to death or a longer term of imprisonment, they have no conditions or ability to compensate for the losses suffered by the criminal victims, thus leading some criminal victims to become poor and even unable to sustain themselves. In view of this objective reality, the practice of criminal victim assistance in our country first rose from the local level, developed rapidly, and caused the central government to attach great importance to it, based on the idea of "first policy, then law". Formulated and issued policy documents to guide local judicial practice. Because of the absence of a systematic normative system for the assistance of criminal victims, The judicial practice of various provinces and cities is also very different. Because the theoretical research of criminal victim assistance in domestic academic circles is not deep enough, the connotation of criminal victim and criminal victim relief is different. Therefore, it is of great significance to study and perfect the rescue system of criminal victims in our country, and there is a long way to go. Throughout the world, Most of the countries and regions in foreign countries and regions have established the system of criminal victim assistance through legislation, stipulated the specific contents and implementation methods, and formed a relatively complete criminal victim relief system. It has important enlightenment and reference significance for the perfection of our country's criminal victim relief system. Through the experience of legislation and judicial practice outside our country, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the criminal victim relief system in our country. Improve the national compensation system and social relief system of criminal victims in macro and concrete aspects, widen the self-relief ways of criminal victims, and give the victims the right to file compensation for mental damage in the incidental civil proceedings. In order to help the theory and practice of criminal victim relief.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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