犯罪主观构成要件证明问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 22:14

本文选题：犯罪主观构成要件　切入点：刑事证明　出处：《江西财经大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：犯罪主观构成要件的内容有犯罪故意、犯罪过失、犯罪目的和犯罪动机。我国刑法坚持主客观相一致的原则,犯罪主观构成要件是我国犯罪构成要件的一个重要内容,它对定罪量刑都具有重要的作用。但是犯罪主观方面存在于行为人的脑海中,其他人很难知道其真实想法。在某些特殊的场合,某些行为人自己都不能确定行为时的内心想法。因此对比而言,犯罪主观构成要件比犯罪客观要件的证明更加困难。在司法实践中,犯罪主观构成要件的证明常常让司法人员感到困惑。在具体个案中,究竟是坚持疑罪从无原则,还是综合全案证据进行推理,司法人员往往根据自己的理解作出自己的选择。于是出现两种错误倾向。一种倾向是,在认定主观构成要件时过于谨慎小心,过于机械理解法律,不能正确运用逻辑推理,导致放纵犯罪。另一种倾向是,在认定主观构成要件时过于随意,对相关司法解释存在误解,事实上降低了证明标准,导致客观归罪。因此,本文试从实践中出现的问题出发,尝试在对犯罪主观构成要件的具体内容进行剖析以及对刑事证明的基础理论进行阐述的基础上,提出实践当中证明主观构成要件的各种方法及各种方法运用需要注意的地方,并结合具体案例进行分析,以期给司法实践提供一些参考。论文由四部分构成:第一部分为犯罪主观构成要件概述。厘清证明对象的概念,包括对犯罪故意、犯罪过失、犯罪目的、明知和非法占有为目的进行概说,为后文的研究奠定基础。第二部分为刑事诉讼证明的基本原理。包括微观方面和宏观方面。微观方面具体内容为刑事诉讼证明的基本规律。宏观方面包括证明责任、证明标准等,在此基础上对犯罪主观构成要件的证明困难特殊性进行论述。第三部分系统阐述了犯罪主观构成要件的各种证明方法。包括运用直接证据证明、运用间接证据推理证明、刑事推定、被告人承担部分责任、阶梯型罪名运用、无罪过责任、法律拟制。分析了具体运用各种方法需要注意的地方。刑事推定和被告人承担部分责任需谨慎适用。阶梯型罪名运用、无罪过责任、法律拟制属于立法方法,解决证明困难有限。第四部分为克服主观要件证明困难的路径探析。提出解决犯罪主观证明困难的主要方法仍然是通过间接证据证明,重点阐述了间接证据证明的证明思路、证据要求、论证方法,弥补其存在不足。最后通过典型案例来论述运用间接证据证明犯罪主观要件的具体运用。
[Abstract]:The contents of the subjective elements of crime of intentional crime and negligent crime, criminal purpose and motive for the crime. The criminal law of our country adhere to the principle of consistent subjective and objective, subjective elements of crime is an important content of constitutive elements of crime in our country, it plays an important role in conviction and sentencing. But the subjective aspect of crime exists in the behavior of people in my mind, it is hard for others to know their true thoughts. In some special occasions, some of the acts themselves are not sure the behavior of inner thoughts. Therefore, in contrast, subjective elements of crime is more difficult than that of objective elements of a crime. In the judicial practice, the subjective elements of crime constitution that often makes judicial personnel confused. In specific cases, whether adhere suspected crime from unprincipled, or the whole case evidence reasoning, judicial personnel often according to their own understanding of their own choice for Optional. So there is two wrong tendencies. A tendency is identified in the subjective elements are too cautious, too mechanistic understanding of the law, not the correct use of logical reasoning, to indulge crime. Another tendency is, in the identification of the subjective elements is too arbitrary, the relevant judicial interpretation of misunderstanding, in fact reduce the standard of proof, resulting in objectivity. Therefore, based on the problems arising from practice, try to analyze the specific content of the subjective elements of crime constitution and the foundation of the basic theory of criminal proof, the practice of various methods that subjective elements and the need to pay attention to the use of various methods where, combined with a specific case analysis, in order to provide some reference to the judicial practice. The thesis consists of four parts: the first part is the subjective elements of crime. To clarify the certificate The concept of Ming objects, including the intentional crime and negligent crime, criminal purpose, and that for the purpose of illegal possession of, to lay the foundation for the following research. The second part is the basic principle of criminal litigation proof. Including the micro and macro aspects. The micro aspects of the specific content as the basic rules of proof of criminal proceedings. Macro including the burden of proof, standard of proof, discusses the particularity on the basis of the subjective elements of crime that pose difficulties. The third part elaborates various subjective elements of the crime proof method. Including the use of direct evidence, indirect evidence reasoning, criminal presumption, the defendant bear part of the responsibility, the use of ladder type charges innocence, responsibility, legal fiction. Analysis of the need to pay attention to specific use of various methods. The criminal presumption and the defendant bear part of the responsibility should be cautious. With a ladder type. Use the liability without fault, crime, law belongs to the legislative method, to solve the difficulties. The fourth part is to prove the finite element to prove the path of overcoming subjective difficulties. Puts forward the main methods to solve the crime subjective proof is still difficult by indirect evidence, focuses on the method of proof, indirect evidence, evidence requirements and the proof method, to make up for its shortcomings. Finally, through the typical case to discuss the specific use of indirect evidence of subjective elements of crime.

【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

【参考文献】