刑事错案的成因及应对研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 23:24

本文选题：刑事错案　切入点：诉讼缺陷　出处：《辽宁大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来，随着近年来媒体的发展，我国刑事司法也在不断的公开、透明中走向法治。也因此，刑事错案的发现与纠错成了媒体争相报道的对象，司法机关也被推到了舆论的风口浪尖。在这样的背景下，迫于公众的压力我国对于刑事错案问题的态度不是科学理性的试图减少而是妄想“一劳永逸”的杜绝，由此出现刑事错案问责制度等的诸多荒谬。殊不知理性的面对刑事错案的发生，客观剖析原因，才能寻找到合理正当的解决途径。本文从以下三个方面，就刑事错案的成因进行分析进行分析，结合新刑诉法生效以来司法实践的问题寻找问题的症结所在，并提出自己的应对措施。第一部分：刑事错案概述。首先讨论了刑事错案的存在之争，，并确定了刑事错案存在“肯定说”的本文立场。之后对国内关于刑事错案概念的主流观点进行了逐一的介绍，在评析中确立了本文所持的刑事错案的概念基础——“客观标准说”。第二部分作为本文的重点，作者分析了我国刑事错案产生的原因。包括办案人员的故意或过失、庭审形式化、非法证据、刑讯逼供等问题难以解决、辩护律师辩护职能边缘化、“三机关”职能偏位、社会舆论妨碍司法公正的等。其中用了较大篇幅论证了刑事错案的不可避免性，意在调整为我国在刑事错案预防方面的态度与基调。实践中一定比例刑事错案的存在不可避免，只有正视这一点才能理性面对，最终使我国刑事错案的预防机制呈现良性发展。最后一部分，谈到了刑事错案的应对。分别从当事人、司法机关、社会三个角度说明了减少刑事错案的意义。之后，结合上文论述，提出接受刑事错案不可避免的一面，以合理的态度和方式探寻应对措施。其间作者对我国现行错案追究制度进行评析，建议改善其中不符合科学规律的部分。此外对应造成我国刑事错案的原因提出了应对措施，包括完善刑事诉讼解释结构、明确“三机关”分工制约以及完善律师置业群体的构建，以期能够对我国刑事司法建设有所贡献。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of the media in recent years, the criminal justice in our country has been continuously open and transparent towards the rule of law. Therefore, the discovery and correction of criminal error cases has become the object of media coverage. The judiciary has also been pushed to the forefront of public opinion. Against this background, under the pressure of the public, our attitude towards the problem of criminal error is not a scientifically rational attempt to reduce it, but a delusion to "eliminate it once and for all". Therefore, there are many absurdities in the accountability system of criminal misdemeanor. However, facing the occurrence of criminal mismatch rationally and objectively analyzing the reasons, we can find a reasonable and proper solution. This paper tries to find a reasonable and proper solution from the following three aspects. This paper analyzes the causes of criminal error cases, combines with the problems in judicial practice since the new criminal procedure law comes into effect, and finds out the crux of the problems. And put forward their own countermeasures. The first part: the overview of criminal error cases. First, discussed the existence of criminal wrong cases, Then, the author introduces the mainstream view of the concept of criminal wrong case one by one, and confirms the position of this article that there is a "positive theory" in the case of criminal error, and then introduces the mainstream view of the concept of criminal error one by one. In the analysis and analysis, the author establishes the conceptual basis of the criminal error case held in this paper-"objective criterion theory". The second part, as the focus of this article, analyzes the causes of the criminal error case in our country, including the intentional or negligent of the case handler, the formalization of the trial. Illegal evidence, extortion of confessions by torture and other problems are difficult to solve, defense lawyers' defense functions are marginalized, "three organs" functions are biased, public opinion obstructs judicial justice, and so on. The purpose is to adjust the attitude and tone of our country in the prevention of criminal misdemeanours. In practice, the existence of a certain proportion of misdemeanours is inevitable. Only by facing this point can we face it rationally. Finally, the prevention mechanism of criminal error cases in our country presents a benign development. In the last part, it talks about how to deal with criminal error cases. It explains the significance of reducing criminal error cases from the three angles of the parties, the judicial organs and the society, respectively. After that, Combined with the above discussion, the author puts forward the unavoidable aspect of accepting the criminal wrong case, and explores the countermeasures with a reasonable attitude and method. Meanwhile, the author comments on the current system of investigation of the wrong case in our country. Some suggestions are made to improve the parts which are not in accordance with the scientific law. In addition, corresponding measures are put forward to solve the causes of criminal misdeeds in our country, including the perfection of the explanation structure of criminal proceedings. It is clear that the division of labor between the "three organs" and the improvement of the construction of lawyers' real estate groups, in order to contribute to the construction of criminal justice in China.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

【参考文献】