刑事见证人制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 18:20

本文选题：见证人　切入点：专职见证人　出处：《辽宁大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑事见证人制度是指公安司法机关在实施特定刑事诉讼活动的过程中，邀请与案件没有利害关系的第三人来监督和证明该诉讼活动的过程与结果，以确保其真实性与合法性的制度。它是建立在程序正义、权力制约和人权保障价值理念的基础之上的一种制度。由于我国现阶段的刑事诉讼模式更加接近于职权主义模式，在此模式下，当事人双方的对抗性不强，对侦查机关侦查权行使的监督主要是通过中立的第三方参与见证来实现的。因此，刑事见证人制度就成为了保证国家公诉的透明度和公信力的关键，具有十分重要的程序价值。然而，我国修改后的《刑事诉讼法》和相关的法律法规对刑事见证人的规定过于粗疏、简单，对刑事见证人的概念、法律地位、权利义务等内容没有予以明确，刑事见证人监督和证明侦查行为的作用没有得到立法重视，，这使得刑事见证人制度陷入了形同虚设的泥淖之中，其诉讼价值无法得以有效的实现。一个较为健全的刑事见证人制度不但能够对侦查行为进行有效的监督、规范侦查权的行使，进而实现程序正义，而且也能够促进案件真实情况的查明，使实体公正得到有效的保障，从而达到惩罚犯罪、尊重和保障人权的目的。文章运用了法理学、宪法学以及刑事诉讼法学等理论知识，以整体的系统观为研究的起点，采用逻辑推理与实证分析相结合的方法，综合运用了文献研究法、比较研究法以及实证研究法等研究方法。本文通过对域外见证制度的考察，对适合我国刑事见证现状的法律规定进行了细致的研究，取其精华部分。从刑事见证人的概念入手，较为详细的分析和阐述了刑事见证人制度的一般理论。通过对我国刑事见证人制度在立法中存在的缺陷以及在实践中存在的问题和原因的重点分析，提出进一步完善立法、明确刑事见证人的管理机关及其职责、建立高素质的专职刑事见证人队伍、完善刑事见证人资格制度、构建以专职刑事见证人与现场附近群众相结合参与见证为原则的见证制度等思路和建议，以此来具体完善刑事见证人制度，以摆脱当前刑事见证人制度流于形式的困境，建立起一个更加公正、合理，可操作性更强的刑事见证人制度，使刑事见证人的监督和证明作用能够真正的得以有效发挥。
[Abstract]:The criminal witness system refers to the process and the result of the public security judicial organ to invite a third person who has no interest in the case to supervise and prove the litigation activity in the course of carrying out the specific criminal proceedings. It is a system based on the concept of procedural justice, power restriction and human rights guarantee. In this mode, the antagonism of both parties is not strong, and the supervision of the exercise of investigative authority is mainly realized through the participation of neutral third parties. The system of criminal witnesses has become the key to ensure the transparency and credibility of national public prosecution, and has very important procedural value. The revised Criminal procedure Law and related laws and regulations in our country are too careless and simple for the provisions of criminal witnesses. The contents of the concept, legal status, rights and obligations of criminal witnesses are not clearly defined. The role of criminal witness supervision and proof of investigation behavior has not been paid attention to by legislation, which makes the criminal witness system fall into the quagmire of nothingness. A relatively sound criminal witness system can not only supervise the investigation behavior effectively, standardize the exercise of investigation power, and then realize procedural justice. Moreover, it can help to find out the true situation of the case, ensure the entity justice to be effectively guaranteed, and achieve the purpose of punishing the crime, respecting and protecting the human rights. The article applies the theoretical knowledge of jurisprudence, constitutional jurisprudence and criminal procedural law, etc. Taking the whole system view as the starting point of the research, using the method of combining logical reasoning and empirical analysis, the paper synthetically uses the methods of literature research, comparative research and empirical research, etc. This paper makes a detailed study on the legal provisions suitable for the present situation of criminal witness in our country, taking the essence of the law, starting with the concept of the criminal witness, This paper analyzes and expounds the general theory of the criminal witness system in detail. Through the analysis of the defects in the legislation of the criminal witness system in our country and the problems and reasons existing in the practice, the author puts forward the further improvement of the legislation. To clarify the administrative organs and duties of criminal witnesses, to establish a high-quality contingent of full-time criminal witnesses, and to perfect the qualification system of criminal witnesses, In order to get rid of the predicament of the present criminal witness system, we should build up a witness system based on the principle of full time criminal witness and the masses near the scene, such as the principle of participation in witness, and so on, so as to improve the criminal witness system concretely, so as to get rid of the predicament of the present criminal witness system. To establish a more just, reasonable, more operable criminal witness system, so that the supervision and proof of criminal witnesses can really play an effective role.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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