刑事程序性法律后果研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 20:32

  本文选题：程序性法律后果　切入点：程序性制裁　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：程序性法律后果是刑事诉讼法学的基础范畴,核心内涵是通过在程序规范中系统设置程序法意义上的法律后果来遏制程序性违法行为的发生。该理论提出后被广泛接受,并在二十多年的发展过程中形成了程序性法律责任、程序性救济、程序性处置和程序性制裁等多种学说发展形态。除规范构成学说之外,程序价值的独立性、程序权利的现实性及程序自治的合目的性也是程序性法律后果及其后期发展形态重要的理论基础。程序性法律后果对于刑事诉讼基本原则在具体案件中的落实具有独特作用,更深层面的作用主要体现在强化程序法定、促进程序理性和保障程序安全等方面。程序性法律后果的体系化建构的前提是实现程序性违法行为类型化。在进一步明确程序性违法行为本质特征和证明方法的基础上,应依托诉讼行为进程、诉讼行为要件等定型理论,以诉讼阶段和诉讼行为构成要素为标准,从纵向和横向两个方面对程序性违法行为重新进行分类。相应地,在比较分析程序性法律后果理论形式和法定形式的基础上,可对程序性法律后果的层次结构进行适当调整,将程序性法律后果确定为程序原则,并在程序规范和操作规程中充分配置程序性法律后果要素,在证据形成行为中适用排除与例外体系,在其他诉讼行为中适用无效与补正体系,以实现对程序性违法行为的系统遏制。程序性违法行为类型化和程序性法律后果体系化的目的在于为现实中发生在诉讼各环节的程序性违法行为配置有效的程序性法律后果。程序性法律后果实践展开的视角应投放到看似边缘的违法形态上,特别是对辩护权行使的阻挠妨害以及公诉权滥用和审判权滥用的隐形违法形态方面。侦查阶段违反告知义务的程序性法律后果应是告知行为相对无效。对于不当限制会见权的行为,既要配置申请撤销的快速通道,还应从排除体系或无效体系内选择配置最严厉的程序性法律后果方式予以应对。对于积极公诉权滥用的程序性法律后果,可根据情形分别适用宣告无罪、免除刑事处罚、裁定不予受理和补正等方式。消极公诉权滥用则可维持现行的不起诉制约机制。对于审判阶段的诉讼拖延,应当赋予被告人要求快速结案的申请权和申诉权,在理由成立的条件下,可以根据拖延的程度选择适用赔偿、解除羁押或减轻刑罚后果方式。侵犯被告人基本权利的程序简化为无效简化,在审理的任何阶段发现都应及时回转到普通程序,否则,构成撤销原判发回重审事由;其他形式的简化,则可随时因被告人提出异议而回转到普遍程序。完善程序性法律后果的配套机制应侧重于两个方面:一是通过司法责任机制的确立与完善,最大程度地接纳实体性法律后果及其他制约形式;二是通过司法权力运行机制的调整与重构,确保程序性法律后果能够以最快速度兑现。
[Abstract]:Procedural legal consequence is the basic category of criminal procedural law, and the core connotation is to contain the occurrence of procedural illegal behavior by systematically setting the legal consequence of procedural law in the procedural norms. This theory has been widely accepted since it was put forward. In the course of more than 20 years' development, many kinds of theories, such as procedural legal responsibility, procedural relief, procedural disposition and procedural sanction, have been formed. The reality of procedural rights and the purposeful nature of procedural autonomy are also the important theoretical basis of procedural legal consequences and their later development forms. Procedural legal consequences play a unique role in the implementation of the basic principles of criminal procedure in specific cases. The deeper role lies in the strengthening of procedural law, Promoting procedural rationality and ensuring procedural safety, etc. The premise of systematization of procedural legal consequences is to realize the classification of procedural illegal acts. On the basis of further clarifying the essential characteristics and proof methods of procedural illegal acts, The procedural illegal acts should be reclassified from the vertical and horizontal aspects, depending on the process of litigation, the elements of procedural acts, and the formative elements of litigation. On the basis of comparative analysis of the theoretical and legal forms of procedural legal consequences, the hierarchical structure of procedural legal consequences can be adjusted appropriately, and the procedural legal consequences can be determined as procedural principles. And the procedural legal consequence elements are fully allocated in the procedural norms and operating rules, the exclusion and exception system is applied in the evidence-forming behavior, and the invalid and correction system is applied in other litigation acts. The purpose of the classification of procedural illegal acts and the systematization of procedural legal consequences is to configure effective procedures for the procedural illegal acts occurring in each link of the litigation in reality. The perspective of the practice of procedural legal consequences should be placed on the seemingly marginal illegal form. In particular, the obstruction to the exercise of the right to defence and the hidden illegal form of abuse of the right of public prosecution and abuse of judicial power. The procedural legal consequences of breach of the obligation of notification in the investigation stage should be that the act of notification is relatively ineffective. The act of restricting the right to meet, It is necessary not only to configure the fast passage of application for revocation, but also to choose the harshest procedural legal consequences from the exclusion system or invalid system. The procedural legal consequences of the abuse of the active public prosecution right should be dealt with. According to the circumstances, the methods of acquittal, exemption from criminal punishment, decision of inadmissibility and correction may be applied separately. The abuse of negative right of public prosecution may maintain the existing mechanism of non-prosecution. The accused shall be given the right to apply for and the right to appeal for the speedy completion of the case. If the reason is established, the defendant may choose to apply the compensation according to the extent of the delay, The procedure of violating the basic rights of the accused is simplified as invalid and simplified, and found in any stage of the trial should be returned to the ordinary procedure in time, otherwise, it will constitute the reason for withdrawing the original sentence and remanding the trial; Other forms of simplification can be returned to the universal procedure at any time because of the objection of the defendant. The necessary mechanism for perfecting the procedural legal consequences should focus on two aspects: first, through the establishment and perfection of the judicial responsibility mechanism, The second is to ensure that the procedural legal consequences can be realized as quickly as possible through the adjustment and reconstruction of the operation mechanism of judicial power.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2
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本文编号：1682730