民事诉讼答辩失权制度的研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 00:09

本文选题：答辩　切入点：答辩失权　出处：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：审前程序程序与庭审程序是民事诉讼的重要环节,充分的审前准备是实现集中审理的重要前提,纵观我国民事诉讼改革的发展进程,民事诉讼改革正是从这两大程序着手的,包括简易程序、举证责任、诉讼调解等,但总体分析来看,有关庭审程序的改革在多数,庭前准备程序极易被忽视,这已不能满足程序公正的要求,因此,现在民事诉讼的改革方向也发生了转换。在民事诉讼中,固定争点、收集证据是审前准备程序的两大功能,具体到制度设计上便是答辩制度和证据制度,后者我国有举证时限制度和证据失权制度,这对及时收集证据提供了支持。但因为我国规定被告答辩具有任意性,答辩不受时间、程序的限制,该种程序设计导致其很有可能利用法律漏洞进行诉讼突袭,达到“出奇制胜”的效果,损害了程序公正与安定,很有可能导致庭审的反复与后退,使得庭审效率低下。答辩制度的设计是为了保证被告充分行使辩论权,通过与原告互换信息,达到攻击防御的态势,以推动程序的顺利进行,这对于法官争点的固定也有极大意义,但倘若这种程序设计无法发挥此种功能,并且已经对诉讼程序的公正和效率构成威胁时,有必要对其进行改革。通过建立答辩失权制度规范被告的答辩行为,弥补法律漏洞,完善审前准备程序,使其功能获得充分发挥,实现高效集中的开庭审理。世界各国都已普遍确立答辩失权制度,只是由于法律渊源和诉讼模式的不同,其具体的规则设计有一定差别,在综合分析国外立法以及本国国情基础上,笔者拟在借鉴前人研究成果的基础之上,同时借鉴国外先进的立法经验,对民事诉讼答辩失权制度的概念、立法表现、理论基础进行明确的分析和论述,分析在我国构建答辩失权制度的现实可能性,并且提出民事诉讼答辩失权制度的“本土化”制度设计。使被告的答辩行为予以规范化以及更加有效的行使答辩权利,从而促进争点整理,促进审前准备程序的功能发挥,凸显其工具性价值和内在独立价值,形成详细、具体、完善的审前准备程序,也是实现高效集中开庭审理的必然选择。
[Abstract]:Pretrial procedure and trial procedure are important links in civil litigation, and full pretrial preparation is an important prerequisite for centralized trial. Throughout the development process of civil litigation reform in our country, the reform of civil action is initiated from these two procedures. Including summary procedure, burden of proof, litigation mediation and so on. However, the overall analysis shows that the reform of the trial procedure is in the majority and the pretrial preparation procedure is easily ignored, which can no longer meet the requirements of procedural justice, therefore, Now the direction of reform in civil litigation has also changed. In civil litigation, fixed points of contention and gathering of evidence are the two main functions of the pretrial preparation procedure. Specifically, the system design is the defense system and the evidence system. The latter China has a system of time limits for proof and a system of loss of power of evidence, which supports the timely collection of evidence. However, because our country stipulates that the defendant's defence is arbitrary, the defense is not subject to time and procedure. This kind of procedure design may make use of the legal loophole to carry on the lawsuit raid, achieve the effect of "outlandish victory", have damaged the procedure justice and stability, have the possibility that the trial will be repeated and retreated. The defense system is designed to ensure that the defendant can fully exercise the right of argument, exchange information with the plaintiff, and achieve the situation of attacking and defending, so as to promote the smooth progress of the procedure. This is also of great significance for the fixation of points of contention among judges, but if such procedural design does not perform this function and is already a threat to the fairness and efficiency of the proceedings, It is necessary to reform it. By establishing the system of the loss of right of reply to regulate the defendant's defense behavior, to make up the legal loopholes, to perfect the pretrial preparation procedure, and to make the full use of its function, All countries in the world have generally established the system of loss of right of reply, but because of the different sources of law and the mode of litigation, the specific rules are different in design. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of foreign legislation and national conditions, the author intends to draw lessons from the previous research results, and at the same time, draw lessons from advanced foreign legislative experience, the concept of the system of civil litigation defense loss, legislative performance, The theoretical basis of the clear analysis and discussion, analysis in our country to build the system of lost right of defense, the reality of the possibility, It also puts forward the "localization" system design of the system of the civil lawsuit's lost right of defense, which makes the defendant's defense behavior standardized and more effective in exercising the right of reply, thus promoting the arrangement of points of contention and promoting the function of pretrial preparation procedure. Highlight its instrumental value and internal independent value to form a detailed, specific, perfect pretrial preparation procedures, but also to achieve efficient centralized trial of the inevitable choice.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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