我国民事公益诉讼适格原告研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 00:07

本文选题：民事公益诉讼　切入点：适格原告　出处：《上海外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,新实施的《民事诉讼法》中规定的民事公益诉讼制度引起社会各界的广泛热议,学者对公益诉讼也进行了相应的探讨。经济的发展和社会的变革带来了一系列的社会问题,环境污染和消费者权益受到侵害的案件也层出不穷。由于我国的民事公益诉讼起步晚加上发展也不成熟,上述问题仍缺乏足够明确具体的法律规定予以解决。2012年写入《民事诉讼法》的有关民事公益诉讼的制度性规定仍然不足以解决实践中的问题。司法的中立性致使除非有主体启动诉讼,否则法院不会主动审理任何一件案件。原告是诉讼的首要问题,赋予适格主体公益诉权,是公益诉讼能够高效公正开展的重要前提。因此本文选取公益诉讼制度中亟待厘清的问题——民事公益诉讼原告资格进行论述。笔者基本观点是:我国民事公益诉讼的原告体系应当由检察机关、合格的社会团体及个人组成,不包括行政机关。围绕这一观点,本文主要分为两个部分,共五章:第一部分即第一章:民事公益诉讼原告综述。该部分首先介绍了不同领域的学者对公共利益的定义,接着在此基础上简要阐述了民事公益诉讼原告资格的内涵。继而分析有关民事公益诉讼的不同理论,肯定了程序当事人理论和诉的利益理论作为民事公益诉讼的理论基础,在理论上验证了民事公益诉讼的合理性。第二部分从第二章到第五章,分别以专章的形式讨论了公益诉讼的热门主体——行政机关、检察机关、社会团体和公民个人。这四章的体例基本相同,都引用我国的著名案例,以期达到生动形象的效果。每一章的内容大体包括概述、各主体的在国内的立法和诉讼实践、比较法的视角下部分其他国家和地区的法律制度,以及其作为公益诉讼适格原告的可行性。不过针对这四类主体的特点,关注的重点也略有区别,行政机关侧重分析其不应成为公益诉讼原告的理由,检察机关部分注重对现状和问题的总结,社会团体主要关注对现有的法律规定的分析和完善,而公民个人更多的是探索赋予其民事公益诉讼诉权的可能性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the civil public interest litigation system stipulated in the newly implemented "Civil procedure Law" has aroused widespread discussion from all walks of life in the society, and scholars have also carried on the corresponding discussion to the public interest litigation.Economic development and social change have brought a series of social problems, environmental pollution and consumer rights and interests have been infringed in endlessly.Due to the late start and immature development of civil public interest litigation in China,There is still a lack of specific legal provisions to solve the above problems. The institutional provisions on civil public interest litigation written into the Civil procedure Law in 2012 are still insufficient to solve the problems in practice.The neutrality of the judiciary prevents the court from hearing any case unless the subject initiates the action.Plaintiff is the most important issue in litigation, and it is an important prerequisite for public interest litigation to be carried out efficiently and fairly.Therefore, this article selects the public interest litigation system in the urgent need to clarify the problem-civil public interest litigation plaintiff qualification to discuss.The author holds that the plaintiff system of civil public interest litigation in our country should be composed of procuratorial organs, qualified social organizations and individuals, not including administrative organs.Around this viewpoint, this article is divided into two parts, a total of five chapters: the first part is the first chapter: the plaintiff summary of civil public interest litigation.This part first introduces the definition of public interest by scholars in different fields, and then briefly expounds the connotation of plaintiff qualification in civil public interest litigation.Then it analyzes the different theories of civil public interest litigation, affirms the theory of procedural parties and the interest theory of litigation as the theoretical basis of civil public interest litigation, and verifies theoretically the rationality of civil public interest litigation.The second part, from the second chapter to the fifth chapter, respectively discusses the popular subjects of public interest litigation in the form of special chapters-administrative organs, procuratorial organs, social organizations and individual citizens.The four chapters are basically the same style, citing famous cases in China in order to achieve vivid effect.The contents of each chapter generally include an overview, the legislation and litigation practice of each subject in China, the legal systems of some other countries and regions under the perspective of comparative law, and the feasibility of their being qualified plaintiffs in public interest litigation.However, in view of the characteristics of these four categories of subjects, the focus of attention is also slightly different. The administrative organs focus on analyzing the reasons why they should not be plaintiffs in public interest litigation, and the procuratorial organs pay some attention to summing up the present situation and problems.Social organizations mainly pay attention to the analysis and perfection of the existing laws and regulations, while individual citizens are more likely to explore the possibility of giving them the right of action in civil public interest litigation.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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