我国消费公益诉讼制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 00:08

本文选题：公共利益　切入点：消费者保护　出处：《甘肃政法学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着经济的快速发展,消费在市场经济中的比重更加突出,在十二届全国人大五次会议上商务部部长钟山表示,2016年我国消费已经成为拉动国民经济增长的第一动力,对经济增长的贡献率达到了64.6%,在未来市场经济的发展中,消费将成为推动国民经济持续增长的中坚力量。但是,在日益扩大的消费市场中,消费需求持续增长,消费结构加快升级,使得侵害消费者权益的事件频频发生并且呈多样化的形态,尤其是涉及到多数不特定消费者的公共利益方面,这不但破坏了市场经济的秩序,而且对人们日常生活的各个层面产生了严重的影响。因此,消费公益诉讼制度设立便成为保护弱势消费者群体的利益以及维护市场经济的秩序必不可少的制度。新《民事诉讼法》从法律的层面确立了消费公益诉讼制度,从而对涉及到公共利益领域的消费者权益保护提供了一种新的诉讼模式。2016年5月1日实施的《最高人民法院关于审理消费民事公益诉讼案件适用法律若干问题的解释》(以下简称《消费公益诉讼解释》)进一步完善了消费公益诉讼制度,更加注重了对消费者权益保护实质方面的救济,以上法律和司法解释的出台对消费公益诉讼在实践中的应用具有重要的指导意义。但是,从消费公益诉讼制度确立至今,在司法实践中并没有一件完整意义上的消费公益诉讼案件,且立法只是作原则性规定,实践中的具体运用细节还需要真实发生的案例来明确,因此,对我国消费公益诉讼制度存在的问题,既需要立法上的完善,也需要司法实践中的完善。论文主要分为四部分:第一部分对消费公益诉讼制度的概述,主要介绍了消费公益诉讼制度的历史起源和基本概念、特点和功能;第二部分对我国消费公益诉讼制度的立法和司法现状进行梳理,分析了我国消费公益诉讼制度存在的不足;第三部分通过对美国消费者集团诉讼制度和德国消费者团体诉讼制度的相关立法和具体规则的介绍,与我国消费公益诉讼制度进行比较,借鉴其优秀部分来完善我国消费公益诉讼制度,第四部分是本论文主要部分,即对我国消费公益诉讼制度的完善建议,主要包括四个方面的内容,一是扩大适格原告的主体资格范围,二是建立激励机制和滥诉防范机制,三是设立诉讼前置程序,四是增加损害赔偿之诉。这些具体制度的完善弥补了传统民事诉讼模式的不足,使消费公益诉讼制度更加全面的保护广大消费者合法权益,从而更进一步发展国民经济,维护市场秩序。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of the economy, the proportion of consumption in the market economy has become even more prominent. Zhong Shan, minister of commerce at the Fifth session of the Twelfth National people's Congress, said that in 2016, consumption in China has become the first driving force for the growth of the national economy.The contribution rate to economic growth has reached 64.6%. In the future development of market economy, consumption will become the backbone force to promote the sustained growth of national economy.However, in the increasingly expanding consumer market, consumer demand continues to grow and consumption structure is accelerated and upgraded, which makes the incidents of infringing on consumers' rights and interests occur frequently and in a diversified form.Especially involving the public interests of most of the consumers, this not only destroys the order of market economy, but also has a serious impact on all aspects of people's daily life.Therefore, the establishment of consumer public interest litigation system has become an indispensable system to protect the interests of vulnerable consumers and to maintain the order of market economy.The new Civil procedure Law establishes the consumer public interest litigation system from the legal level.Thus, it provides a new litigation mode for consumer rights and interests protection in the field of public interest. On May 1, 2016, the Supreme people's Court of the Supreme people's Court on the trial of consumer civil public interest litigation cases applicable to a number of issuesExplanation > (hereinafter referred to as "interpretation of Consumer Public interest Litigation") has further improved the consumer public interest litigation system.More attention to the protection of consumer rights and interests of the substantive aspects of relief, the introduction of the above legal and judicial interpretation of consumer public interest litigation in practice has an important guiding significance.However, since the establishment of the consumer public interest litigation system, there is not a complete consumer public interest litigation case in the judicial practice, and the legislation is only a provision of principle.The concrete application details in practice also need the real cases to be clear. Therefore, the problems existing in the system of consumer public interest litigation in our country need not only the perfection of legislation, but also the perfection of judicial practice.The paper is divided into four parts: the first part of the consumer public interest litigation system overview, mainly introduced the historical origin of consumer public interest litigation system and the basic concept, characteristics and functions;The second part combs the legislation and judicial status of the consumer public interest litigation system in China, and analyzes the shortcomings of the consumer public interest litigation system in China.The third part through the introduction of the American consumer group litigation system and the German consumer group litigation system related legislation and specific rules, compared with our consumer public interest litigation system.The fourth part is the main part of this paper, that is, the suggestions to consummate the consumer public interest litigation system of our country, including four aspects.One is to expand the scope of qualification of qualified plaintiff, the other is to establish incentive mechanism and overappeal prevention mechanism, the third is to set up the pre-litigation procedure, and the fourth is to increase the action of damages.The perfection of these specific systems makes up for the shortcomings of the traditional civil litigation mode, and makes the consumer public interest litigation system more comprehensive to protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, thus further develop the national economy and maintain market order.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.8;D925.1

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