论我国民事立案登记制度

发布时间：2018-04-03 23:53

本文选题：民事诉讼　切入点：立案登记制　出处：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：党的十八届四中全会决定明确要求将立案审查制度改为立案登记制度,随后在我国法院全面的实行立案登记制度,人民法院立案工作开启了新的历史篇章。立案登记制度是指除了《最高人民法院关于人民法院登记立案若干问题的规定》规定的不予登记立案的情形外,当事人提交的诉状一律接收,并出具书面凭证,起诉状和相关证据材料符合民事诉讼法规定条件的,当场登记立案。在英美法系中民事诉讼法对于立案标准的规定相对宽松,只要存在实体利益上的确实有救济的需要便可以立案。在美国,民事诉讼从原告把诉状提交给法院时开始。法院收到起诉状后,除了缺乏事项管辖外,法官一般不主动审查起诉状,而是由书记官签发传唤状,被告应在规定的期限内提交答辩状。在大陆法系中的民事诉讼法起诉的门槛要比英美法系诉讼法的高。在德国,当事人提交了符合德国法律规定的起诉状给法院,意味着起诉的开始。国内学者分析比较我国与其他国家的立案受理制度以后,认为大多数国家实行的是登记立案制度,所以我们国家要符合时代的潮流,实现民事立案登记制度的改革,并且实施立案登记制度对于民事立案审查制度而言存在很大的优势。在我国民事立案登记制度实施两年多来,人民法院努力克服困难,对依法应当受理的案件切实做到“有案必立、有诉必理”,基本解决了“立案难”的问题。我们国家实行民事立案登记制度两年多以来,在经济发展程度不同的各地区都取得了显著的成效,就比如河南、上海、河北等地就纷纷做出了表率。与此同时也取得了提高我们国家审判的效率,区分起诉要件与诉讼要件等等实际成效。但是刚刚确立的制度必然存在部分缺陷,立案登记制度对法院的影响甚是巨大,需要法院不断地完善改革自己的工作。民事立案登记制度没有确立对应的行之有效的监督机制,改革容易出现一阵风致使改革难以持续进行。人民群众对于民事立案登记制度的不了解容易引发涉诉信访。我们国家要不断地寻求解决问题的方法,首先从对这项制度本身的完善,完善民事立案登记制度的程序、民事诉状的重新设计和开展多种渠道的立案登记。其次,健全相关的配套制度。面对民事纠纷开展多种渠道的解决机制,同时加强立案审查监督机制。最后,大力宣传民事立案登记制度取得的成效,激发各地继续进行改革的决心和信心,增加人民群众对此改革的信任。法院作为立案登记制度的直接主体,加强人民法院的工作管理是非常重要的。
[Abstract]:The fourth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee decided to explicitly request that the system of filing and examination should be changed into the system of filing and registration. Subsequently, the comprehensive implementation of the system of filing and registering in the courts of our country opened a new chapter in the history of filing cases in the people's courts.The filing and registration system refers to the case of not registering and filing a case, except as stipulated in the provisions of the Supreme people's Court on the Registration of certain questions on filing a case by the people's Court, in which all the pleadings submitted by the parties are received and written vouchers are issued.Where the bill of complaint and relevant evidential materials meet the conditions prescribed by the Civil procedure Law, the case shall be registered on the spot.In Anglo-American legal system, the civil procedure law has a relatively loose stipulation on filing standard, so long as there is a real need for relief in substantive interests, it can be put on record.In the United States, civil action begins when the plaintiff submits a petition to the court.Upon receipt of the indictment, in addition to the lack of jurisdiction over the matter, the judge generally does not take the initiative to review the indictment, but instead issues a summons by the Registrar, and the accused shall file a reply within the time limit fixed.The threshold of civil procedure in civil law is higher than that in common law.In Germany, the filing of a complaint in accordance with German law signifies the commencement of the prosecution.After analyzing and comparing the filing and accepting systems in our country and other countries, domestic scholars believe that most countries implement the registration and filing system, so our country should conform to the trend of the times and realize the reform of the civil filing and registration system.And the implementation of the registration system has great advantages for the civil filing and examination system.Since the implementation of the civil filing and registration system in our country for more than two years, the people's courts have made great efforts to overcome the difficulties and have done a good job of "setting up a case and having a case must be justified" in accordance with the law, which has basically solved the problem of "filing a case with difficulty."Since the implementation of the civil filing and registration system in our country for more than two years, remarkable results have been achieved in various regions with different levels of economic development. For example, Henan, Shanghai, Hebei and other places have set an example one after another.At the same time, the efficiency of our country's trial has been improved, and the actual effect of distinguishing the prosecution elements from the litigation elements has been achieved.However, the newly established system must have some defects, and the system of filing and registration has a great influence on the court, which requires the court to perfect and reform its own work.The civil registration system has not established the corresponding effective supervision mechanism, and the reform is easy to appear a gust of wind, so the reform is difficult to carry on continuously.The people's lack of understanding of the civil registration system can easily lead to petition.First of all, we should perfect the system itself, perfect the procedure of civil filing and registration system, redesign civil pleadings and carry out registration through various channels.Second, improve the relevant supporting system.In the face of civil disputes to develop a variety of channels to resolve the mechanism, and strengthen the supervision mechanism of filing examination.Finally, we should make great efforts to publicize the achievements of the civil registration system, inspire the determination and confidence of all localities to continue the reform, and increase the people's trust in the reform.As the direct subject of the registration system, it is very important to strengthen the work management of the people's court.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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