中国特色的刑事审判庭前会议制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 00:01

本文选题：刑事审判　切入点：庭前会议　出处：《贵州民族大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑事审判庭前会议是在审判前召集的庭审准备会议。我国现行刑事诉讼法新增了庭前会议制度，至此，中国特色的刑事庭前会议制度形成了它的雏形。庭前会议制度应当定位于独立的、协商性的、非强制性的、介于公诉审查和刑事审判之间的庭前准备程序。刑事审判庭前会议制度有其自身独特的功能预期：庭审准备功能、分流过滤功能、矛盾化解功能。只有在适用中充分立足立法本意，最大限度发挥功能，才能实现其保证程序正义、提高诉讼效率、保障诉讼权利的应然价值。然而，我国庭前会议制度是在借鉴国外的立法和司法实践经验的基础上建立的审前准备程序。无论是立法层面，还是法律适用层面，都存在缺憾和问题。立法层面上的问题主要包括：庭前会议制度对召集人的规定太笼统；赋予审判人员庭前会议召集决定权过大；被告人是否参加庭前会议被一概而论；庭前会议制度实际承载的功能不足；对实体性问题能否作出决定不明确等等。庭前会议制度自实施以来，效果明显，但是仍然存在诸多的问题，如司法实践操作不规范，庭前会议制度适用仍存在形式化问题，难以排除法官预断等。既然庭前会议是在借鉴国外多年的庭前准备程序和庭前审查程序的基础上建立起来的，那笔者追根溯源，通过分析比较国外典型庭前准备程序的操作规程，探索解决我国庭前会议制度适用问题的答案。最后得出结论，要完善具有中国特色的刑事审判庭前会议制度，解决实践中的问题，应首先树立现代司法理念，立足我国目前的司法现状，兼顾到公平与效率，，注重调解与协商，就矛盾和纠纷提早化解是法律适用理当之意。在立法层面上，作者建议建立以庭审法官为主导、法官助理参与的机制，保证被告参与权，根据案件不同情况，限制审判人员庭前会议程序选择任意性，使庭前会议制度功能实现最大化的制度设计构想。在法律适用方面，笔者认为，应规范制度适用的具体操作规程，在公诉机关和审判机关的通力协助下，提高参加庭前会议的积极性，扩大庭前会议作出的决议的效力，让更多的程序性问题或实体性问题能够在庭审前的庭前会议中解决，保证庭审的顺畅，提高司法效率。最后，配套措施方面，须强化法官助理的作用，完善三方沟通和协调的联动机制,完善法官的选拔机制，强化法律监督职能，保障庭前会议制度实现应然价值。
[Abstract]:A pre-trial meeting is a pre-trial preparatory meeting convened before a trial.The present criminal procedure law of our country has added the pretrial conference system, so that the criminal pretrial conference system with Chinese characteristics has formed its embryonic form.The system of pre-court meeting should be defined as an independent, consultative, non-compulsory, pre-trial procedure between public prosecution review and criminal trial.The system of conference before the criminal court has its own unique function expectation: the function of trial preparation, the function of diversion and filtering, and the function of resolving contradiction.Only when we fully base ourselves on the original intention of legislation and exert its function to the greatest extent can we realize the procedural justice, improve the efficiency of litigation and guarantee the necessary value of litigation rights.However, the pretrial conference system in China is based on the experience of foreign legislation and judicial practice.Both legislative level and legal application level, there are defects and problems.At the legislative level, the main problems include: the provisions of the pre-court meeting system to the convener are too general; the judges are given too much decision-making power to convene the pre-court meeting; whether the accused participates in the pre-court meeting is generalized;The actual function of the conference system before the court is not enough, and the decision on substantive issues is not clear and so on.Since the implementation of the pre-court conference system, the effect is obvious, but there are still many problems, such as non-standard judicial practice, formal problems in the application of the pre-court conference system, and it is difficult to rule out judges' prejudgement and so on.Since the pre-court meeting was established on the basis of drawing lessons from the pre-court preparation procedures and the pretrial examination procedures of foreign countries for many years, the author traced back to the source and analyzed and compared the operating procedures of the typical pre-court preparation procedures in foreign countries.To explore the solution to the application of the pretrial conference system in China.Finally, it is concluded that in order to perfect the pre-court meeting system with Chinese characteristics and solve the problems in practice, we should first set up a modern judicial concept, base on the current judicial situation of our country, and give consideration to fairness and efficiency.Pay attention to mediation and consultation, on the early resolution of contradictions and disputes is the proper meaning of the application of the law.On the legislative level, the author suggests the establishment of a mechanism in which the trial judge is the leading member and the assistant judge is involved, so as to ensure the defendant's right to participate, and to limit the arbitrariness of the judge's pre-court meeting procedure according to the different circumstances of the case.The design of the system to maximize the function of the conference system before the trial.In terms of the application of the law, the author believes that the specific operating rules for the application of the system should be standardized, with the concerted assistance of the public prosecution organs and the judicial organs, to increase the enthusiasm for participating in the pre-trial meetings and to expand the effectiveness of the resolutions made by the pre-trial meetings.So that more procedural or substantive problems can be resolved in the pre-trial meeting, to ensure the smooth trial and improve judicial efficiency.Finally, it is necessary to strengthen the role of assistant judges, perfect the linkage mechanism of communication and coordination among the three parties, perfect the selection mechanism of judges, strengthen the function of legal supervision, and ensure the realization of the necessary value of the pre-court meeting system.
【学位授予单位】：贵州民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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