律师职业化如何可能——基于古希腊、古罗马历史文本的分析

发布时间：2018-04-09 05:24

本文选题：律师　切入点：职业化　出处：《法学家》2017年03期

【摘要】：在直接民主审判模式下的古希腊时期,由演说家担任的"演说写手"和"辩护帮助人"未能在法庭辩护的活动中形成一门固定有序的职业,律师职业被扼杀于摇篮之中。在罗马共和国时期和帝国初期,随着诉讼程序的不断发展,陆续产生了由演说家担任的诉讼代表、诉讼代理人和由法学家担任的法律顾问,帮助当事人进行诉讼,他们被统称为"诉讼保护人"。至罗马帝国中晚期,国家公权力对司法诉讼的干预日益强化,执法官的专业化使得法庭演说家迅速成长起来。他们学习专业的法律知识,并肩负起法学家的法律咨询功能,还组建了自己的职业团体,以提供公共服务为主要职能,律师由此正式成为一门职业。这是国家政权认可法治观念、司法诉讼制度不断发展以及法律制度日益完备的历史产物。
[Abstract]:In the period of ancient Greece under the direct democratic trial mode, the orator and the defense helper failed to form a regular and orderly profession in the court defense, and the profession of lawyer was strangled in the cradle.During the period of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Empire, along with the continuous development of the litigation procedure, the litigation representatives, the legal representatives and the jurists acted as the legal representatives of the orators to help the litigants to carry out the proceedings.They are collectively referred to as the Protector of Litigation.By the middle and late Roman Empire, the intervention of the state power in judicial proceedings was increasingly intensified, and the specialization of law enforcement made the orator of the court grow rapidly.They studied the legal knowledge of the profession, shouldered the legal advisory function of the jurist, and formed their own professional group, whose main function was to provide public service, so the lawyer became a profession.This is the historical product of the state power's recognition of the concept of rule of law, the constant development of judicial litigation system and the increasingly complete legal system.
【作者单位】：中南财经政法大学法学院;
【基金】：中南财经政法大学创新团队计划的支持司法部项目“古罗马社会律师职业史研究”(16SFB3008)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D916.5

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