论检察机关提起民事公益诉讼诉前程序

发布时间：2018-04-13 04:03

本文选题：民事公益诉讼 + 检察机关　；参考：《西南政法大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,民事公益受损事件频发,如三鹿集团的三聚氰胺事件、广西龙江河镉污染事件等,引起社会公众的关注与高度紧张。利益主体过度追求利润,致使公共利益受损,同时由于公众对公共利益认识不足、公益救济手段单一,“公地悲剧”现象不可避免地出现。2012年新修正的《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》增加了民事公益诉讼制度,司法正式成为救济民事公益的重要途径。2014年10月23日,中国共产党第十八届中央委员会第四次全体会议审议通过的《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》中提出“探索建立检察机关提起公益诉讼制度”;2015年5月5日,中央全面深化改革领导小组第12次会议审议通过了《检察机关提起公益诉讼改革试点方案》,检察机关成为一支“有力量”的公益诉讼主体。2015年12月16日最高人民检察院第十二届检察委员会第四十五次会议通过了《人民检察院提起公益诉讼试点工作实施办法》,其中诉前程序是一大亮点。公益诉讼诉前程序由于初次设立,规范较为简单,不够具体细致,其应有的作用尚不能充分发挥。本文拟通过比较分析、规范分析、实证分析等研究方法对检察机关提起公益诉讼的诉前程序开展分析论证,找出其存在的问题并给出完善建议。本文主要由以下七部分内容构成:第一部分为引言,介绍了本文的研究背景、目的、意义、研究方法和研究的创新之处,为本文后续的论证奠定基础。第二部分简要概述检察机关提起民事公益诉讼的基本概念、特征及原告主体资格,介绍了颇具代表性的四个国家的检察机关参与民事公益诉讼的方式,并重点论证了检察机关提起民事公益诉讼诉前程序的涵义、功用及正当性。第三部分对《人民检察院提起公益诉讼试点工作实施办法》中有关诉前程序的规定进行了规范分析,尤其对检察机关履行诉前程序中“督促法律规定的机关”之“督促”与“建议有关机关”之“建议”进行了较为详细诠释,并对检察机关提起民事公益诉讼诉前程序的履行完结进行了分析和确定。第四部分选取了检察机关不同时期提起的四个典型公益诉讼案件,并对这些案例进行了比较分析,旨在验证检察机关提起民事公益诉讼诉前程序设置的正当性理论及比较检察机关提起民事公益诉讼诉前程序与检察机关提起行政公益诉讼诉前程序设置目的之差异。第五部分在上述理论分析、规范分析和实证分析之基础上对我国目前检察机关提起民事公益诉讼诉前程序存在的问题开展分析,提出存在诉前程序“空置”、启动条件不明确、无法实现公益保护最大化等问题。第六部分从明确诉前程序的启动条件及内容、诉前程序中检察机关诉讼职责、构建确保公益最大保护的协调机制及检察机关提起民事公益诉讼诉前程序的办案机制等方面提出了完善建议。第七部分为结语,是对本文研究内容及结论的简要总结。
[Abstract]:In recent years, civil public interest damage incidents, such as Sanlu melamine incident, Guangxi Longjiang River cadmium pollution incident, causing public concern and high tension. Stakeholders excessive pursuit of profits, resulting in the loss of public interest, and because the public's lack of knowledge of the public interest, the public relief means a single, "the inevitable tragedy of the commons" the phenomenon appeared in People's Republic of China civil law >.2012 < revised increase of civil public interest litigation system, judicial official has become an important way of relief of civil public.2014 in October 23rd, China Communist Party Central Committee of the eighteenth session of the fourth plenary meeting of the CPC Central Committee on "comprehensively promote the rule of law, the decision on major issues > proposed" explore the establishment of procuratorate public interest litigation system "; in May 5, 2015, the central comprehensively deepen reform leadership The Twelfth Meeting of the group passed the "procuratorate public interest litigation reform program", the procuratorial organs become a "force" of the subject of public interest litigation.2015 year in December 16th twelfth the Supreme People's Procuratorate Procuratorial Committee of the forty-fifth meeting of the "people's Procuratorate filed public interest litigation measures for the implementation of the pilot work, the pre-trial procedure is one of the highlights. Public interest litigation pretrial proceedings due to the initial establishment of norms is relatively simple, not detailed, its role is not yet fully. This paper through the comparative analysis, normative analysis and demonstration analysis, empirical analysis and other research methods of public interest litigation filed before litigation of the procuratorial organs to carry out the program, find out the existing problems and give suggestions. This paper mainly consists of seven parts: the first part is the introduction, introduces the research background, purpose, significance, The research methods and research innovation, lay the foundation for the following argumentation. The fundamental concepts of the second part is a brief overview of civil public prosecution, the characteristics and the qualification of the plaintiff, the representative of the procuratorial organs in four countries participated in the civil public interest litigation, and expounds the prosecution the public interest litigation pretrial proceedings the meaning, function and legitimacy. The provisions of the third part of the "people's Procuratorate filed the measures for the implementation of pilot work in the public interest litigation > before litigation procedure by normative analysis, especially for the procuratorial organ to perform the pretrial proceedings" supervision law authorities "and" supervision "and" suggestions relevant organs the "suggestions" for a more detailed interpretation, and the civil public prosecution procedure before lawsuit to the end are analyzed and determined. Fourth Part of the selected by procuratorate in different periods of the four typical cases of public interest litigation, and these cases were analyzed, aimed to verify the civil public prosecution procedure before lawsuit set the legitimacy theory and comparison of civil public prosecution procedure before litigation procuratorial organs and administrative public welfare lawsuit procedure before lawsuit purpose the differences. The fifth part is the analysis on the theoretical basis, normative analysis and Empirical Analysis on our current civil public prosecution procedure before litigation problems to carry out analysis, put forward some program "pre litigation vacant", the start condition is not clear, can not achieve the maximum public interest protection and other issues. The sixth part from clear starting condition of pretrial proceedings and content of pretrial proceedings in the procuratorial organs litigation responsibilities, ensure the coordination mechanism of public construction of maximum protection and inspection In the seventh part, the conclusion is the summary of the research contents and conclusions.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D925.1

【参考文献】