刑事冤假错案成因及救济机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 06:23

本文选题：冤假错案 + 成因　；参考：《宁波大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,杜培武、佘祥林、赵作海等人的冤假错案被媒体广泛披露和深度报道,引起了公众的极大关注。去年,在浙江发生的张高平、张辉叔侄强奸杀人冤案以及萧山五青年抢劫杀人冤案又再次刺痛了人们的神经。这些冤假错案的发生不但给公民的人身、健康等权益造成了严重损害,同时也在拷问着司法从业人员的良知,极大损害了司法权威。2013年1月8日,习近平总书记在全国政法工作电视电话会议上作出重要指示,要求全国政法机关要顺应人民群众对公共安全、司法公正、权益保障的新期待,全力推进平安中国、法治中国、过硬队伍建设,努力让人民群众在每一个司法案件中都能感受到公平正义。随后,党的十八届三中全会又明确提出了进一步深化司法体制改革的要求,其中,“完善制度机制,有效防范冤假错案发生”被作为改革的重点提出。本文即是在当前进一步深化司法改革的大背景下,通过加强对刑事冤假错案的成因及救济机制的研究,探讨构建符合我国国情的刑事冤假错案救济机制。本文主要分四部分:第一部分主要是结合国内外关于刑事错案的理论学术研究,对客观标准说、主观标准说和综合标准说进行了比较与分析,进一步厘清概念,并从中得出我国刑事冤假错案的适用标准;第二部分立足司法实务,从预防机制执行不力、发现机制滞后、救济程序启动困难以及律师角色缺失四个方面总结归纳了刑事冤假错案救济方面存在的问题;第三部分系在总结问题的基础上,对刑事冤假错案发生的成因进行深入分析,明确在当前法制架构下,公、检、法在执法理念和执法模式上的偏差以及律师职能的弱化是造成冤假错案频发的主因;第四部分系在部分借鉴国外在刑事冤假错案的救济成功经验的基础上,从建立健全发现、纠正、责任追究、国家赔偿机制四方面来构建一套关于冤假错案的大救济系统,最终通过确立这样一套救济系统,来恢复因冤假错案而受损的社会关系和司法权威,进一步强化人权司法保障,提升司法公信力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, du Peiwu, she Xianglin, Zhao Zuohai and others have been widely disclosed and deeply reported by the media, which has aroused great public concern.Last year, the rape and murder cases of Zhang Gao Ping, Zhang Hui nephew and five youth robberies committed murder in Zhejiang province again hurt people's nerves.The occurrence of these unjust and false cases not only caused serious damage to the rights and interests of citizens, such as their personal and health rights, but also tortured the conscience of judicial practitioners and greatly damaged the judicial authority. On January 8, 2013,General Secretary Xi Jinping made an important directive at a televised conference of political and legal work across the country, demanding that the national political and legal organs comply with the new expectations of the people for public security, judicial justice, and protection of rights and interests, and make every effort to promote a peaceful China and a country governed by the rule of law.Improve the construction of the ranks, and strive to let the people in every judicial case can feel fair and justice.Subsequently, the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee clearly put forward the requirement of further deepening the reform of the judicial system, among which, "perfecting the system mechanism and effectively preventing the occurrence of unjust, false and wrong cases" was put forward as the key point of the reform.This article is under the background of further deepening the judicial reform at present, through strengthening the research on the cause and the relief mechanism of the criminal unjust false and wrong cases, discusses the establishment of the remedy mechanism of the criminal unjust false and wrong cases in accordance with the national conditions of our country.This paper is mainly divided into four parts: the first part is to compare and analyze the objective standard theory, the subjective standard theory and the comprehensive standard theory in combination with the domestic and foreign academic research on the criminal wrong case, and further clarify the concept.The second part is based on the judicial practice, from the poor implementation of the prevention mechanism, found that the mechanism is lagging behind.Four aspects of the difficulty of starting the relief procedure and the lack of the role of the lawyer summarized the problems existing in the relief of the criminal false and wrong cases. The third part is the in-depth analysis of the causes of the criminal false and wrong cases on the basis of the summary of the problems.Under the current legal system, the deviation of law enforcement concept and law enforcement mode and the weakening of lawyer's function are the main reasons for the frequent occurrence of false and wrong cases.The fourth part is based on the successful experience of foreign countries in the criminal cases of false and false, from the establishment of sound discovery, correction, accountability, national compensation mechanism to build a set of major relief system.Finally, through the establishment of such a relief system, to restore the injured social relations and judicial authority, further strengthen the judicial protection of human rights and enhance the judicial credibility.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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