农村基层纠纷解决机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 22:19

本文选题：农村纠纷 + 多元化　；参考：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：农村是我国现代化建设的重要组成部分,农村社会的健康有序发展关乎整个国家的改革与发展大计。尽管目前中国的城市人口比例不断上升,但是从经济与社会发展的基本结构来看,在相当长时间内,农村问题仍将是我国建设事业的重中之重。农村基层法治建设是我国法治建设的重要组成部分。由于历史传统、文化背景和长期以来所形成的城乡二元结构等因素,在法治现代化的进程中,我国农村纠纷问题的制度性处理面临诸多需要解决的问题。目前的中国农村社会正在经历着一场深刻的变迁,中国农村已经由一个较为封闭传统社会转化为流动性较大的新型"开放社会"。这一变迁不只使农民的价值观念发生了改变,也影响了农民的行为方式,由此导致农村总体性变化,包括经济发展、法律意识、文化活动、人际交往等等。但这场变迁还在进行之中,随着变迁而来的就是产生了许多新的问题,在纠纷频发的情况下,构建多元化的农村纠纷解决机制更显得尤为重要。为了确保广大农民安居乐业,维持社会安定有序,探讨中国农村纠纷解决问题有着重要的意义。本文主要分为四个部分进行论述。第一部分为农村社会和农村纠纷。新时期的我国农村社会既不同于传统的"乡土社会",又不同于现代的"市民社会",由于其独有的历史和文化背景,中国农村社会有着与其他地区不同的特点。目前,我国农村的法治环境还很不完善,在拥有巨大发展潜力的同时也面临着纠纷层出的问题,本部分在介绍了我国农村社会的现状之后,从农村纠纷的类型、特点、产生原因三个方面分析了当代中国农村的纠纷问题。第二部分为农村纠纷解决机制的类型。文章的第一部分介绍了我国农村现在有的纠纷的主要类型、特点和产生原因。针对上一部分提及的农村纠纷,目前我国主要有两类农村纠纷解决机制:诉讼机制和非诉机制,非诉机制又有着许多种表现形式。本部分主要对这两种纠纷解决机制进行详细的介绍。第三部分为农村纠纷解决机制存在的问题。随着市场经济的高速发展,现有的纠纷解决机制已经不能满足社会的需求,都出现了相应的问题。有些问题是机制固有的,而有些问题是随着时代发展而慢慢产生的,为了更好的完善农村纠纷解决机制,有必要明确机制中存在的问题,本部分分别介绍了每一种机制中存在的主要问题。第四部分为多元化纠纷解决机制的重构。为了更好的解决农村基层中存在的纠纷问题,构建以诉讼外纠纷解决机制为重点,诉讼机制为最后救济途径的多元化纠纷解决机制势在必行。在明确现今机制中存在的问题的基础上,学习域外的基层法治建设经验,美国、德国、日本的纠纷解决方式各有特色,我们不是一味照搬,而是从域外的法制建设中获得对我国纠纷解决机制构建的启示,找到最符合中国国情和社会现实的解决办法。完善农村纠纷解决机制,为我国农村基层纠纷的解决开辟新的道路。
[Abstract]:The rural society is an important part of our country's modernization construction. The healthy and orderly development of the rural society is related to the reform and development of the whole country. Although the proportion of urban population in China is rising constantly, the rural problem will still be the heavy construction in China from the basic structure of economic and social development. The construction of the rural grass-roots rule of law is an important part of the construction of the rule of law in China. Due to the historical tradition, cultural background and the two yuan structure of urban and rural areas, in the process of modernization of the rule of law, the institutional handling of rural disputes in China faces many problems to be solved. It is undergoing a profound change. The Chinese countryside has been transformed from a relatively closed traditional society into a new "open society" with a larger liquidity. This change has not only changed the values of the peasants but also influenced the behavior of farmers, which led to the overall changes in the rural villages, including economic development, legal consciousness, and literature. The change is still in progress, but with the change coming, many new problems are produced. In the case of frequent disputes, it is particularly important to construct a diversified rural dispute settlement mechanism. In order to ensure the peasants to live and work, maintain social stability and order, discuss the solution of rural disputes in China. The first part is the rural social and rural disputes. The rural society in China is different from the traditional "local society", but also different from the modern "civil society" in the new period. Because of its unique historical and cultural background, China's rural society has four areas and other areas. Different characteristics. At present, the rule of law environment in rural areas is still very imperfect, while having great potential for development, it is also faced with the problem of dispute. After introducing the status of rural society in our country, this part analyses the disputes in the rural areas of China from three aspects of the types, characteristics and causes of rural disputes. Second parts. It is divided into the type of rural dispute settlement mechanism. The first part of the article introduces the main types, characteristics and causes of the current disputes in China's rural areas. In view of the rural disputes mentioned in the last part of the country, there are two main types of rural dispute settlement mechanism in our country: litigation mechanism and non prosecution mechanism, and non prosecution mechanism in many kinds of manifestations. This section mainly introduces the two dispute resolution mechanisms. The third part is the problem of the rural dispute settlement mechanism. With the rapid development of the market economy, the existing dispute settlement mechanism has not met the needs of the society, and there are corresponding problems. Some problems are inherent in the mechanism and some problems are With the development of the times, in order to better improve the settlement mechanism of rural disputes, it is necessary to clarify the existing problems in the mechanism. This part introduces the main problems in each mechanism respectively. The fourth part is the reconstruction of the diversified dispute settlement mechanism. It is imperative to build a diversified dispute settlement mechanism, focusing on the settlement mechanism outside litigation, and the litigation mechanism as the final remedy. On the basis of defining the existing problems in the present mechanism, learning from the experience of building the rule of law at the grass-roots level outside the territory of the United States, Germany and Japan, we are not blindly copying. From the extraterritorial construction of the legal system, we can obtain the enlightenment to the construction of the dispute settlement mechanism in China, find the solutions that are most consistent with China's national conditions and social reality, and improve the settlement mechanism of rural disputes, and open up a new way for the settlement of rural grass-roots disputes in China.

【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926

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