法院调解的成本收益分析

发布时间：2018-04-21 10:18

本文选题：法院调解 + 成本收益分析　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,关于法院调解的研究成果大多仅沿着法解释学研究进路展开,未看到其背后隐藏的经济利益,从而出现重资源投入轻分配核算、重制度建构轻选择决策、重宏观应然轻微观实然的现象。而经济学中的成本收益分析将为法院调解研究提供一个具有启发意义的崭新视角。法经济学视野下,作为法院解决纠纷的两种基本方式,法院调解与判决均被视为纠纷解决市场中的“产品”。当事人选择何种产品,是基于成本收益的衡量,即比较行动的“投入成本”与行动后的“产出利益”而作出选择。对法院而言,提供何种产品,也同样如此。在成本层面,通过比较法院调解与判决中当事人成本与法院成本的显成本与隐成本,在一般情况下,可以得出法院调解成本小于判决成本的结论,但对于需要多次调解、反复调解等花费大量时间成本与人力成本的案件,这一结论是否成立则要视具体案件情况而定。在收益比较上,一方面,纠纷当事人运用法院调解与判决解决纠纷的预期利益不同,在判决中只关注系争内利益,而在法院调解中还着眼于系争外利益;另一方面,我国判决受“终审不终”与“执行难”等问题的影响,而法院调解具有不能上诉、难以再审、履行自愿性强与执行效果较优等特点,法院调解的收益实效优于判决。因此,基于理性人的前提假设,在一般情况下,即除需要花费大量时间成本与人力成本的案件,法院调解的预期收益与成本的差额大于判决预期收益与成本的差额,纠纷当事人会选择法院调解解决纠纷。在上述分析的基础上,通过“启动模型”“合意模型”等法院调解成本收益分析模型,可获得以下具有启发意义的结论:判决成本的高低与双方当事人达成调解协议的可能性成正比;降低当事人的预期有利于调解达成协议;调解者的行为对调解协议的达成有重要影响等。据此,文章得出发挥诉讼费用杠杆作用、注重事实查明与证据交换、实行法院专职调解员制度等促进法院调解发展的启示。
[Abstract]:At present, most of the research results of court mediation are carried out along the path of legal hermeneutics, and the hidden economic benefits behind it are not seen. As a result, the emphasis on resources investment is less than on allocation accounting, and on system construction and decision making. Emphasis on the macro should be slight view of the reality of the phenomenon. The cost-benefit analysis in economics will provide a new perspective for the study of court mediation. In the view of law and economics, as two basic methods of dispute settlement, court mediation and judgment are regarded as "products" in the dispute settlement market. What kind of product the parties choose is based on the measurement of cost and benefit, that is, comparing the "input cost" of the action with the "output benefit" after the action. The same is true of what products are available to the court. At the cost level, by comparing the explicit and implicit costs between the parties' costs and the court costs in court mediation and judgment, we can draw the conclusion that the court mediation cost is less than the judgment cost in general, but for the need for multiple mediation, Whether this conclusion is valid or not depends on the specific circumstances of the case. On the one hand, on the one hand, the parties to a dispute use court mediation and judgment to resolve disputes in different expected interests, in the judgment only focus on internal interests, while in court mediation also focus on foreign interests; on the other hand, The judgment of our country is influenced by the problems of "final appeal" and "execution difficulty", and the court mediation has the characteristics of being unable to appeal, it is difficult to retry, the voluntary performance is strong and the effect of execution is better, and the actual effect of court mediation is better than that of judgment. Therefore, based on the premise of rational person, in general, the difference between expected benefit and cost of court mediation is greater than the difference between expected income and cost in adjudication, except for cases that require a large amount of time and labor costs. Parties to a dispute will choose court mediation to resolve the dispute. On the basis of the above analysis, through the "startup model" and "consensus model" and other court mediation cost-benefit analysis model, The following enlightening conclusions can be obtained: the cost of judgment is proportional to the possibility of the parties to reach a mediation agreement, and the reduction of the expectation of the parties is conducive to reaching an agreement through mediation; The behavior of the mediator has important influence on the reaching of the mediation agreement. Based on this, the paper draws the enlightenment of promoting the development of court mediation, such as exerting the leverage of litigation expenses, paying attention to the fact finding and evidence exchanging, and carrying out the system of full-time court mediators to promote the development of court mediation.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.2

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